[China Pharmaceutical Network Technology News] In the development of analytical and biological analysis methods, sample processing is a very important step. The most attractive technology in recent years is solid phase microextraction (SPME), a solvent-free sample processing technology derived from solid phase extraction (SPE).
Modern analysis takes less and less time to analyze a sample, but the sample preparation process takes a long time. According to statistics, in most instrumental analysis laboratories, an original sample is processed into a sample state that can be directly used for instrumental analysis and measurement, which takes about 60-70% of the total analysis time. Among various sample pretreatment methods, various green sample processing techniques without (less) solvents have become the main pretreatment methods for instrumental analysis. Of course, the most attractive technology in recent years is solid phase microextraction (SPME), a solventless sample processing technology derived from solid phase extraction (SPE), another micro solid phase extraction derived from SPE. The method is Microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS), which is a delicate, environmentally friendly and convenient solid phase extraction method that appeared in 2004 (J Chromatogr B, 2004, 801:317–321; J Mass Spectrom, 2004, 39 (12): 1488) was first proposed by Mohamed Abdel-Rehim of the AstraZeneca R&D Sodertalje, Sweden. Abdel-Rehim (currently in the Department of Analytical Chemistry at the University of Stockholm, Sweden) published a review article on MEPS in 2015 (TrAC, 2015, 67: 34–44), describing the development and development of this technology and its applications. This article provides a comprehensive introduction to the overview and application of MEPS.
MEPS is a miniaturized solid phase extraction (SPE) technique for sample purification, but is significantly different from general SPE in that it integrates the sorbent directly into the syringe (BIN) rather than a separate small column. . Therefore, it is not necessary to use a separate extraction device. MEPS can even be used for more than 100 extractions of plasma or urine samples, while conventional solid phase extraction cartridges can only be used once. MEPS can handle small sample or large sample (10μL -1000μL plasma, urine or water sample), which can be combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, capillary electrochromatography/mass spectrometry. Can be used in reverse phase, normal phase, mixed ion exchange mode. Using a syringe as a sampling device, it can be automated, including sample processing, extraction, and injection. The elution of SPE can only be from top to bottom, while MEPS can be eluted from both directions.
1 MEPS device
The MEPS device packs approximately 2 mg of solid sorbent into the syringe (100, 250 μL) between the barrel and the needle as shown in Figure 1. This technique combines sample extraction, preconcentration and elution into one device. There are two parts: MEPS syringe and MEPS bed, also called BIN, BIN including MEPS bed (solid sorbent), and syringe needle filled with MEPS bed. The BIN uses a 100-μL or 250-μL airtight MEPS syringe that can withstand the pressure of normal SPE.
When the BIN fails or needs to be replaced with another sorbent, unscrew the nut and replace the old BIN with a new BIN. The entire unit can be used manually or online, and MEPS is suitable for extraction enrichment using reversed phase, normal phase, and ion exchange modes. In general, MEPS can adapt to the characteristics of SPE, but only reduce the effective volume to 10 μL, which can be adapted to LC or GC automatic injection syringe injection. MEPS is characterized by the use of very small amounts of sorbent and the elution of the sample with a small amount of solvent.
2 various forms of MEPS
MEPS has evolved over many years from manual (in syringes, or BIN) to semi-automatic and fully automatic devices, see Figure 2.
The most important part of MEPS is the sorbent. The important sorbent is shown in Figure 3. The most common is silica-based alkane stationary phases C2, C8 and C18 bonded to the surface of silica. Many researchers also like to use polyester. Class sorbent.
A disadvantage of general-purpose sorbents is that they are not selective. To overcome this problem, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been chosen to identify specific target compounds. On the other hand, MEPS also uses polypyrrole or polyamide based sorbents, which have been successfully used for the separation of insecticides and aqueous samples. In addition, polyaniline (PANI) nanowires were synthesized and used as a network for the selective separation of triazine, organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides from water samples.
Recently, the Abdel-Rehim research portfolio has become a new type of sorbent suitable for MEPS, which is highly efficient, durable and easy to use, such as carbon-based sorbent materials, intra-acicular sol-gel MIP, sol-gel MIP-modified membranes, and Sol-gel MIP point spinning sorbent. There are a variety of sample extraction sorbents available (Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2016, 77:23–43), which is discussed next.
3 MEPS device automation application examples
MEPS Automation combines MEPS with an autosampler to form a system that performs all the steps of MEPS, including sample insulation, extraction, cleaning, temperature control, extraction and resolution time control, through the operating system on the computer. Throughout the analysis process, this equipment was sold by a number of companies' commodity instruments.
This automated MEPS, combined with 96 microdisk injections, significantly reduces total analysis time and constitutes a high-throughput analysis mode. MEPS automation can use multiple extraction heads to form a collection of extraction heads, as shown in Figure 3, A, and can also be filled with a tip-filled phase microextraction (MEPS), as shown in Figure 3, F, which is characterized by an extraction head placed in a micropipette. The tip of the tube. Automated systems can also be constructed using in-tube SPME or solid phase microextraction bars and HPLC.
The description of Figure 3:
A-- Multiple extraction head sets; B--96 micro tube manipulator consoles: (1) 96-TFME (film microextraction) equipment, (2, 4, 5) are orbital mixers, respectively for pretreatment , extraction, and resolution, (3) is a stationary phase washing station, (6) is a nitrogen evacuation device for 96 microtubes, (7) is a syringe arm, and (8) is an XYZ stroke arm for TFME or nitrogen exhaust The empty equipment is accurately positioned and placed on the multi-tube extraction bottle (2-5); C- is the detailed view of the TFME equipment in Figure B; D- is the combination of TFME and DESI (desorption electrospray ionization), where (1 Electrospray, (2) injection capillary, (3) TFME device fixed on the table, (4) rotary table, (5) sample table in XYZ direction, (6) gas source, (7) ) is a solvent bottle; E - a live SPME 96 microtube analysis device in the orbital stirrer position; F - a tip filled microphase extraction device detail; G--tip solid phase microextraction device and the product Tomtec Quadra 96 Use a combination of diagrams.
summary
Sample preparation is a difficult problem in the analysis of complex samples, such as the processing of biological analysis samples, the composition is complex, and sometimes the sample size is small, so MEPS is very suitable for this application, as can be seen from the 100 applications cited. It is suitable for pretreatment of biological sample analysis.
Modern analysis takes less and less time to analyze a sample, but the sample preparation process takes a long time. According to statistics, in most instrumental analysis laboratories, an original sample is processed into a sample state that can be directly used for instrumental analysis and measurement, which takes about 60-70% of the total analysis time. Among various sample pretreatment methods, various green sample processing techniques without (less) solvents have become the main pretreatment methods for instrumental analysis. Of course, the most attractive technology in recent years is solid phase microextraction (SPME), a solventless sample processing technology derived from solid phase extraction (SPE), another micro solid phase extraction derived from SPE. The method is Microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS), which is a delicate, environmentally friendly and convenient solid phase extraction method that appeared in 2004 (J Chromatogr B, 2004, 801:317–321; J Mass Spectrom, 2004, 39 (12): 1488) was first proposed by Mohamed Abdel-Rehim of the AstraZeneca R&D Sodertalje, Sweden. Abdel-Rehim (currently in the Department of Analytical Chemistry at the University of Stockholm, Sweden) published a review article on MEPS in 2015 (TrAC, 2015, 67: 34–44), describing the development and development of this technology and its applications. This article provides a comprehensive introduction to the overview and application of MEPS.
MEPS is a miniaturized solid phase extraction (SPE) technique for sample purification, but is significantly different from general SPE in that it integrates the sorbent directly into the syringe (BIN) rather than a separate small column. . Therefore, it is not necessary to use a separate extraction device. MEPS can even be used for more than 100 extractions of plasma or urine samples, while conventional solid phase extraction cartridges can only be used once. MEPS can handle small sample or large sample (10μL -1000μL plasma, urine or water sample), which can be combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, capillary electrochromatography/mass spectrometry. Can be used in reverse phase, normal phase, mixed ion exchange mode. Using a syringe as a sampling device, it can be automated, including sample processing, extraction, and injection. The elution of SPE can only be from top to bottom, while MEPS can be eluted from both directions.
1 MEPS device
The MEPS device packs approximately 2 mg of solid sorbent into the syringe (100, 250 μL) between the barrel and the needle as shown in Figure 1. This technique combines sample extraction, preconcentration and elution into one device. There are two parts: MEPS syringe and MEPS bed, also called BIN, BIN including MEPS bed (solid sorbent), and syringe needle filled with MEPS bed. The BIN uses a 100-μL or 250-μL airtight MEPS syringe that can withstand the pressure of normal SPE.
Figure 1 MEPS device
When the BIN fails or needs to be replaced with another sorbent, unscrew the nut and replace the old BIN with a new BIN. The entire unit can be used manually or online, and MEPS is suitable for extraction enrichment using reversed phase, normal phase, and ion exchange modes. In general, MEPS can adapt to the characteristics of SPE, but only reduce the effective volume to 10 μL, which can be adapted to LC or GC automatic injection syringe injection. MEPS is characterized by the use of very small amounts of sorbent and the elution of the sample with a small amount of solvent.
2 various forms of MEPS
MEPS has evolved over many years from manual (in syringes, or BIN) to semi-automatic and fully automatic devices, see Figure 2.
Figure 2 Various forms of MEPS
The most important part of MEPS is the sorbent. The important sorbent is shown in Figure 3. The most common is silica-based alkane stationary phases C2, C8 and C18 bonded to the surface of silica. Many researchers also like to use polyester. Class sorbent.
A disadvantage of general-purpose sorbents is that they are not selective. To overcome this problem, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been chosen to identify specific target compounds. On the other hand, MEPS also uses polypyrrole or polyamide based sorbents, which have been successfully used for the separation of insecticides and aqueous samples. In addition, polyaniline (PANI) nanowires were synthesized and used as a network for the selective separation of triazine, organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides from water samples.
Recently, the Abdel-Rehim research portfolio has become a new type of sorbent suitable for MEPS, which is highly efficient, durable and easy to use, such as carbon-based sorbent materials, intra-acicular sol-gel MIP, sol-gel MIP-modified membranes, and Sol-gel MIP point spinning sorbent. There are a variety of sample extraction sorbents available (Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2016, 77:23–43), which is discussed next.
3 MEPS device automation application examples
MEPS Automation combines MEPS with an autosampler to form a system that performs all the steps of MEPS, including sample insulation, extraction, cleaning, temperature control, extraction and resolution time control, through the operating system on the computer. Throughout the analysis process, this equipment was sold by a number of companies' commodity instruments.
This automated MEPS, combined with 96 microdisk injections, significantly reduces total analysis time and constitutes a high-throughput analysis mode. MEPS automation can use multiple extraction heads to form a collection of extraction heads, as shown in Figure 3, A, and can also be filled with a tip-filled phase microextraction (MEPS), as shown in Figure 3, F, which is characterized by an extraction head placed in a micropipette. The tip of the tube. Automated systems can also be constructed using in-tube SPME or solid phase microextraction bars and HPLC.
Figure 3 MEPS automation equipment
The description of Figure 3:
A-- Multiple extraction head sets; B--96 micro tube manipulator consoles: (1) 96-TFME (film microextraction) equipment, (2, 4, 5) are orbital mixers, respectively for pretreatment , extraction, and resolution, (3) is a stationary phase washing station, (6) is a nitrogen evacuation device for 96 microtubes, (7) is a syringe arm, and (8) is an XYZ stroke arm for TFME or nitrogen exhaust The empty equipment is accurately positioned and placed on the multi-tube extraction bottle (2-5); C- is the detailed view of the TFME equipment in Figure B; D- is the combination of TFME and DESI (desorption electrospray ionization), where (1 Electrospray, (2) injection capillary, (3) TFME device fixed on the table, (4) rotary table, (5) sample table in XYZ direction, (6) gas source, (7) ) is a solvent bottle; E - a live SPME 96 microtube analysis device in the orbital stirrer position; F - a tip filled microphase extraction device detail; G--tip solid phase microextraction device and the product Tomtec Quadra 96 Use a combination of diagrams.
summary
Sample preparation is a difficult problem in the analysis of complex samples, such as the processing of biological analysis samples, the composition is complex, and sometimes the sample size is small, so MEPS is very suitable for this application, as can be seen from the 100 applications cited. It is suitable for pretreatment of biological sample analysis.
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