Monitoring liver glucose metabolism may be the key to cancer diagnosis

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Monitoring liver glucose metabolism may be the key to cancer diagnosis

April 21, 2016 Source: Bio Valley

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In a recent study published in the journal Nature Cell Biology, scientists may find important new diagnostic markers for liver cancer.

In a study led by the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, the researchers found that a gene called KHK (ketose kinase or fructokinase) is in the normal liver. Expression in tissue and liver tumors is different. The results of the study showed that the level of fructose metabolism of liver cancer cells was significantly lower than that of healthy cells.

"Normal liver cells catalyze the production of energy, amino acids and lipids by glucose and fructose," said Dr. Zhimin Lu, a professor of neuro-oncology. "However, we found that liver tumors stop using fructose. Therefore, monitoring fructose metabolism may be used for liver cancer diagnosis."

Lu's team found that the reduction in fructose metabolism in liver tumor cells is caused by alternative splicing of the KHK gene. This leads to the expression of the diverse gene product KHK-A, losing the ability to process fructose.

"KHK-A has two enzyme activities, glycokinase and protein kinase," Lu said. "We found that KHK-A is not only a glycokinase but also a protein kinase."

The team showed that KHK-A's protein kinase activity enhances tumor cell DNA and RNA synthesis, and newly recognizes KHK-A as an essential component of liver tumor formation. Kinases are enzymes that allow cells to transfer phosphate and are key to energy production and protein regulation.

"We believe that this protein kinase activity can be used to treat liver tumors," he said. "Our study reveals a key mechanism for how liver and liver tumor cells use fructose and highlights the promotion of KHK-A protein. The instrumental role in tumor development.

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