Grain harvesting is already the most fashionable concept and topic of the current corn seed industry. Compared with harvesting with artificial rods, the benefit of mechanized grain harvesting is very obvious. Artificially harvesting 1 mu of corn requires at least two laborers. The cost per mu is between 260 and 300 yuan, plus drying and threshing after harvest. The total cost of harvesting 1 mu of corn is about 350. Yuan above. The use of machinery for grain harvesting, the cost of the mu is about 80 yuan, plus a part of the grain drying, the harvesting cost per mu of corn is about 200 yuan, which is at least 150 yuan less than the artificial harvest, which is equivalent to 10% to 12% of 1 mu of corn. And can save a lot of labor, the comparative benefit is very obvious. With the development of urbanization and changes in the structure of our population, this gap will increase.
However, it is not a demonstration that the varieties that can be harvested directly are suitable for mechanical grain harvesting. This is because the fact that grain harvesting can be marginally implemented in certain years and in certain regions does not mean that the variety has stable and widely applicable characteristics for grain harvesting. The varieties that are truly suitable for grain harvesting must have the following basic characteristics:
Short growing period. Compared with the current market main varieties Zhengdan 958, Xianyu 335 and other early maturity of 5 to 7 days, corn moisture content in the normal harvest time of about 25%, hard grain and half dent corn can be relaxed to about 28%. If the moisture content is too high, corn kernels will be shredded during harvesting and threshing, causing yield loss.
Late lodging ability. Because the late lodging has no substantial impact on the artificial harvest, the lodging resistance of the Chinese corn varieties before and after the ripening period is generally weak. Under mechanized harvest conditions, lodging of corn can cause direct yield losses.
Dehydration is fast. The dehydration rate of corn refers to the rate of dehydration after the maturation of the corn grain, that is, the appearance of the black layer, rather than the moisture content at maturity. Due to the difference of maize germplasm resources, the difference in grain dehydration rate after normal maturation of corn is very large. In the past, due to artificial harvesting and drying, the dehydration rate was not a project that was investigated by breeders and it was not included in the breeding target. Therefore, the dehydration rate of the main cultivars of China's self-cultivation is generally slow on the market, and the requirements for mechanized harvesting cannot be met. With the development and gradual popularization of mechanized harvest, the dehydration rate of corn varieties will become more and more important and become one of the core indicators.
More suitable for dense planting. Close-grained plants have long been recognized by breeders as a means to increase food production. However, increasing planting density will greatly increase the labor time, intensity, and cost of artificial harvesting. Even with certain economic benefits, it will not be easily accepted by farmers. Mechanized grain harvesting is achieved, and obstacles to the production of dense plant varieties will be eliminated.
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