Since June, Hunan has experienced continuous heavy precipitation. Floods and floods have caused different degrees of impact on rice, vegetables, citrus, and dry crops. How to reduce damage after the disaster? On July 5, the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences urgently organized expert consultations and put forward detailed restoration and post-disaster remedial measures.
Rice to be treated in stages
Fang Baohua, deputy researcher at the Provincial Rice Research Institute, said that a large area of ​​early rice in our province is in the wax ripening stage. The first season of rice is in the early stage of young panicle differentiation. The late rice is the stage of the nursery tillage. The recovery of production after the disaster requires different treatment of rice in different periods.
When the flood gradually fades during the early wax-wax ripening period, it is necessary to seize the time to clean the leaves, and it is best to use a sprayer to focus on cleaning the top, ie the top three leaves. After washing rice leaves, immediately spray with 25% Ye Lingling or 20% Ye Qingshuang 100 g or 20% Thienone Copper 125 ml and 60 kg water.
After the flood has subsided, if it is cloudy, it will be drained once. If it is sunny, the field will still have a shallow layer of water that will be drained after the plants have been restored for 1 to 2 days.
Don't artificially raise the seedlings caused by the flooding, and let them adjust automatically. At the same time, avoid spraying to the stems when washing with water. For serious rice lodging, timely rectify and clean the leaves, reduce losses, and timely harvest. .
In the early stage of young panicle differentiation of a rice plant, when the flood water receded, rice was sprayed and washed to restore rice photosynthesis. After washing rice leaves, spray pesticides to prevent and treat diseases.
After timely draining, check the tips and bases in the morning. The paddy fields with dewy leaves and hard bases indicate that the rice has been restored to life. You can lightly expose the fields for 2 to 3 days, and then apply shallow water to supplement urea and potash 4 to 5 kg each. Per acre, choose to dry after 4:00 pm on cloudy days or sunny days.
If the base of rice stems is soft and wilting occurs, the timely maturing and early-maturing rice varieties will be broadcast live before July 25.
In the late rice seedling stage, we should take the side of the water to clean the way to clean the leaves as soon as possible after the application of pesticide pest control, as far as possible on cloudy or sunny afternoon after 4 pm.
If there is a phenomenon of blade reeling, a shade net shall be erected in time to prevent the death of young crops.
Vegetables should strengthen field management
Yuan Zuhua, a researcher at the Provincial Institute of Vegetable Research, said that at present, it is the peak period of spring and summer harvesting of vegetables. The floods and floods cause vegetables such as solanes and melons to be parked in advance and the basic harvest of leafy vegetables is almost impossible. It is imperative to strengthen field management and minimize losses.
Clear the ditch and drain away the stagnant fields as soon as possible. Greenhouse vegetables should be ventilated and ventilated in time to remove diseased plants and diseased leaves.
For vegetables with market value, it is necessary to promptly catch up and reduce losses. For fruits and vegetables that are affected by heavy rain, flooded fruits and vegetables are timely rectified and ribbled, and foliar sludge is washed away, with dead yellow leaves, diseased leaves, and diseased fruits removed. Timely supplement of fertilization materials, cultivating loose soil and cultivating soil, so that the retentive vegetables to restore growth as soon as possible.
The roots of vegetables that have been flooded for long periods of time have become rotten and damaged. After rain, sunny weather should be properly shaded to reduce the death of withered plants.
High humidity in rain and high temperature after rain will cause disease epidemic.
For lands with severe or unacceptable damage, drainage should be carried out and production resumed as soon as possible.
You can rush to sow a batch of leafy instant lettuce, and grab a batch of autumn vegetables such as autumn cucumber, autumn kidney bean, and autumn green beans.
Can take heat-resistant cultivation, anti-season production of cool vegetables. Use shade nets to cover and sow anti-season vegetables in greenhouses or small sheds.
It is also necessary to prepare early autumn vegetables or early spring vegetable production. Qiuyu vegetables include pepper, Chinese cabbage, Chinese red cabbage, radish, cabbage, cauliflower and so on. For example, peppers are planted in mid-July and planted in early August.
Citrus should be timely rejuvenation
According to Yang Shuizhi, a researcher at the Provincial Institute of Horticulture, continuous rainfall has had a major impact on citrus production. In order to strengthen post-disaster training and ensure that citrus disaster losses are minimized this year, technical measures should be taken.
Rainfall gardens should be drained and drained in time in order to protect the rain orchard and the trees.
As the continuous raining causes the tree to absorb less nutrients and lose fertilizer, it must be combined with loose soil root application citrus special fertilizer or potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and micro-fertilizer. The crown can be sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer and boron, zinc, magnesium. Fine fertilizer.
Grab the weather and prevent pests and diseases. Observe the effect of prevention and control in time after spraying. Special attention was paid to the prevention and treatment of citrus acute anthrax. The dead branches were cut off, collected together with leaves and burned, and then sprayed with bactericide 1 to 2 times every 10 days. Pharmacy can be used 40% extermination Wei 500 times, 65% dexamethasone WP 600 times, 50% dexamethasone 800 to 1000 times, 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 800 to 1000 times, 50% carbendazim 800 times, 50% eutectic WP 500 to 800 times, etc. have a certain effect.
Immediately after the rain, freshly planted the seedlings of the citrus seedlings, and then spread two or three times of appropriate urea to raise seedlings around the seedlings' tree trays every half month of rain or cloudy days. The foliar spraying of potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer and boron was conducted. Zinc, magnesium and other fertilizers. Dead seedlings should be filled with container seedlings in a timely manner, and low seedlings should be raised and raised.
Pay attention to the use of herbicides in the orchard rainy season. It is best to cut grass.
Dry grain crops should be promptly cleaned
Provincial Institute of Crop Research, Professor Chen Zhihui, said that after the occurrence of floods and floods, it was timely to organize the harvesting of mature crops. The immature crops should be dredged quickly during the heavy rainy gap, and reasonable trenching should be carried out as soon as possible to reduce the groundwater level of the farmland in order to improve the root system. Grow.
There are sediments, floating debris attached to the plant, to use water to wash the plants, in order to reduce plant crushing and seedling leaf rot. After the flood receded, the plant should be straightened to restore it as soon as possible.
After the flood retreats, once the plants return to life, they should combine cultivator, loose soil, and soil, and increase chemical fertilizers in time to apply nitrogenous fertilizer (urea), supplemented by phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. The amount of fertilizer should be based on the degree of damage to the plant, soil fertility and crop growth period, in principle, is appropriate for the phase of thin, urea at around 3 kg per mu. If the leaves turn yellow, it is advisable to spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other foliar fertilizers.
The erosion and submergence of rainwater will make the disease more prone to spread. According to the characteristics and trends of crop pests and diseases, appropriate pesticides and dosages should be selected for prevention and control.
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