1. bed soil disinfection. In order to prevent soil from spreading disease, bed soil should not be planted in the same field for five years. The organic fertilizer mixed with it must undergo high-temperature fermentation and be fully cooked. Bed soil is disinfected, and there are two commonly used methods: First, 1 kg of formalin is used to spray 1 cubic meter of bed soil on 100 kg of water. After the plastic membrane cover is closed for 45 days, the air is loosened and deflated. Allow the drug to fully evaporate and use it after two weeks; the second is to cover the top of the drug earth. Use 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 8-10 g and 10-15 kg fine bed soil to mix well, spread 2/3 of the drug soil on the bed surface, cover it with another 1/3 after sowing earth.
2. Warm up. Different forms of warming affect the growth and development of vegetable seedlings. Although the common stove and fire wall nursery forms have increased the temperature in greenhouses, they have had little effect on the improvement of the ground temperature, and they have shown the phenomenon of “hot head and cold feetâ€. Due to the low soil temperature, the growth rate of roots is slow, and aging seedlings and young seedlings are prone to appear. The performance is slow and the seedling age is prolonged. The use of electrothermal hotbeds, geothermal heat, combined with a small arch greenhouse nursery, can not only improve the ground temperature, but also ensure the temperature, can significantly improve the seedling growth and development conditions, less energy consumption, reduce production costs.
3. Moisture management. The water in the greenhouse slows down and the air humidity is high, which can easily lead to severe diseases of low temperature and high humidity types. Therefore, winter seedlings should pay attention to water management, and adopt methods such as seeing wet, cold tail watering, watering in the morning, and small water less time, without significantly lowering temperature and soil temperature. The alternation of dry and wet soil moisture is conducive to the growth of stems and leaves on the ground, but also to promote the emergence of new roots.
4. Lighting management. Continuous snowfall or cloudy days in winter, usually taken for heat preservation, is not wrong. Vegetable seedlings are in a low temperature and low light (or no light) state for a long time. The nutrient status of the plant rapidly declines, the resistance declines, the early ageing, and the flower buds differentiate poorly, which seriously affects the late growth and yield of vegetable plants. Even cloudy days should be managed with late-opening, early-covering, half-lighting, and timely evening light-up, which increases plant photosynthesis time, improves nutrient status of seedlings, and improves the quality of vegetable seedlings.
5. Relax in time. Tear soil can prevent soil compaction and improve the ground temperature of nursery beds. The top soil is loosened and the depth of ground breaking is based on the principle of not damaging the root. The ripping soil can be carried out once after the seedlings are flushed out, when two cotyledons are flattened and when two true leaves are present.
6. Take precautions against freezing. Thermophilic vegetables are vulnerable to freezing during the seedling stage, especially during the hardening period. They are slightly negligent. When they encounter a sudden cold current, they will freeze their seedlings. It is necessary to listen to the weather forecast in a timely manner. After the freezing injury was found, it was necessary to shade properly, so that the temperature rose slowly, and the spraying of foliar fertilizer alleviated the freezing injury.
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