First, the sunny day greenhouse production management measures
1. Water and fertilizer management. The suitable temperature for root growth of fruit vegetables is about 25°C. In the solar greenhouse, winter fruits and vegetables are generally controlled on the basis of pre-irrigation. They need to look at the sky, see the earthworms, measure the temperature, and pay attention to the weather forecast, so that there are 3 to 5 days of sunny weather after watering. And put out the air in a timely manner. According to the length of the crop's appearance and growth period, top dressing should be applied timely according to the requirement of balanced fertilization, and targeted trace fertilizer should be sprayed.
2. Timely exposing the grasshoppers. Light and temperature are the key to the production of vegetables in solar greenhouses and can be controlled by uncovering the grasshoppers. When the sun shines in the morning, when the sky is full of grass, it is necessary to release the wind in time when the temperature in the greenhouse is too high. When the temperature reaches around 25°C, close the tuyere. When the temperature of the greenhouse reaches 20°C before sunset, cover the grass in time.
3. In winter and spring sheds, carbon dioxide fertilizers are added. After applying carbon dioxide, the quality of vegetables and the yield increase. Method: (1) Organic fertilizer is added to the soil, and organic fertilizer releases carbon dioxide through decomposition. (2) Carbon dioxide is produced by reacting industrial sulfuric acid with agricultural ammonium bicarbonate.
4. Prevent disease in time. Sunlight greenhouses are confined because of the high humidity in the air and are prone to disease. In the prevention and control, the best choice for smoke and dust agents to prevent disease. In the prevention and treatment should pay attention to alternate medication, should not use a continuous use of a pesticide, so as to avoid drug resistance, should pay attention to the quality of spraying, spraying can achieve a good control effect. Clear and fine weather, when the temperature inside the shed is high, we must pay attention to the prevention of viral diseases and powdery mildew.
Second, the continuous snow and fog daylight greenhouse production management measures
In the case of continuous snow and fog, management should be based on heat preservation and light increase. The following measures should be taken in production:
1. The greenhouse is covered with multiple layers of insulation. Covering the film with a double layer of grasshoppers, cover the grasshoppers with rain-proof plastic film to keep the grasshoppers dry. It can also cover wheat straw or wheat bran on the ground, which can prevent the heat in the soil from being emitted to the space and increase the ground temperature by more than 3°C.
2. Try to scatter light and increase the room temperature. Avoid clouds on the cloudy days. In the case of overcast days, as long as the temperature is not very low, we must open the grass and try to get scattered light. At the same time, the hanging of the reflective screen at the back of the greenhouse can also play a role of lightening and warming.
3. Stop watering topdressing. Even in the cloudy greenhouse, watering fertilizer should be stopped, so as not to cause root crops and aggravate the occurrence of diseases.
4. Fire in the greenhouse to make up for temperature. The temperature must be mastered to not increase the temperature too fast and increase the respiratory consumption of the crop.
5. Warm water temperature. When the ground temperature drops sharply on a continuous cloudy day, the roots of the plants can be poured at a temperature of about 40°C per day. It can not only slow down the temperature drop, but also temporarily increase the temperature, which has a certain effect of seedling preservation.
6. Put small winds many times. From 12 o'clock in the afternoon to 2 o'clock in the afternoon, it is necessary to open the small joints for a short time according to the outside temperature conditions. Each time 5 to 10 minutes, put 2 to 3 times to reduce the indoor humidity.
7. Re-emphasize the fruit and keep it safe. According to the weather forecast, before the arrival of continuous cloudy snow and fog days, fruits and vegetables should be picked early to reduce the nutrient consumption of the plants, and it is beneficial to protect the leaves and young melons, return nutrients to the root system, promote root growth, and enhance the ability of plants to resist adverse environments.
8. Use aerosols and dust to prevent disease. In the snow-and-winter days, the humidity in the greenhouse is very prone to diseases. Spraying the water agent tends to increase the humidity in the greenhouse. Therefore, it is necessary to use aerosol or dust agent for disease prevention.
Third, even after the sunny snow fog days after the sunny clear management measures
Even after the snow fog, the weather was fine and clear. If it is handled improperly after exposing it, it can easily cause the plants to wilt and even die. Therefore, the following management measures should be taken after a long period of sunshine.
1. When the weather is clear, the grasshopper should be uncovered earlier than usual to allow the plants to adapt to the light conditions at a lower temperature, causing the pores and water holes to shrink or close. According to the weather forecast, if you are sure that you will be fine for several days in a row, you can take the time to pour water.
2. Spray plants with fresh water or nutrient solution. If the plants are found to be wilted after being lifted, the same fresh water or nutrient solution (100 times sugar, 300 times urea, 500 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution) at the same temperature as the room temperature can be sprayed on the leaves to reduce the body temperature of the plants. Reduce transpiration and nutritional supplements. Spray water can be performed several times depending on the situation.
3. Repeatedly alternately exposing grasshoppers to prevent flash seedlings. When the grasshopper is uncovered, special attention must be paid to observation at any time. Once the plants are found to have slapped, a part of the grasshoppers should be put down. After the plants are recovered, the grasshoppers will be rolled up. When the plants appear wilting again, they will not put down immediately. The grasshopper has dropped. Repeatedly, soaking the ground alternately until no more wilting occurs after all the grasshoppers are lifted. Note that in general no temperature increase can be limited by venting. Because the ventilation will reduce the air humidity, increase the transpiration of the plant. The length of processing depends on the duration of continuous cloudy days. Generally, 2 to 3 days of continuous yin treatment can basically be restored after 1 day of treatment. For 5 to 6 days of continuous yin, 2 to 3 days are required to be processed; ~ 6 days or more.
4. The cultivating loose soil can increase the ground temperature and increase the permeability of the soil to promote new root growth.
5. For a prolonged period of low temperature and low temperature, the leaves are prone to shrinkage, which is caused by insufficient nutrient supply. Do not mistakenly think that it is a viral disease and repeat the medication.
6. When the seedlings show flowers topping, they must timely remove small melons, small fruits, and topdressing quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers and appropriate watering to restore normal growth of stems and leaves.
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