Physical examination item selection and judgment

Blood pressure: blood pressure in the elderly should be <140/90mmHg, to be regularly monitored, continued to increase or fluctuations in the treatment of cardiology, hypertensive persons to adhere to long-term medication, maintaining normal stability is very important to delay the occurrence of atherosclerosis.

Height and weight: Body weight, body weight, and body mass were measured. The normal range was 17.9 to 24. Over 28 were obese.

Internal medicine: past medical history, heart, lungs, abdomen, etc.

Surgery: skin, thyroid, anus, rectum, middle-aged people do not ignore and give up the anal examination, men should pay attention to the prostate, women pay attention to breast and so on.

Ophthalmology: vision, conjunctiva, cornea, pupil, fundus, etc. Watch for cataracts, retinal retinal changes, and blood vessels.

ENT: ear, nose, sinus, throat, etc.

Stomatology: Oral mucosa, teeth, gums, etc.

Gynecology: Primary examination of cervical TCT (cervical cytology - examination of inflammation, tumor), HPV (human papillomavirus - early cervical cancer screening). If a check is normal, usually asymptomatic, you can review every 1-3 years, if there is irregular vaginal bleeding after menopause, excessive vaginal discharge, odor, lower abdominal pain, etc. should be treated promptly.

Liver function: G-gluten, aspartate aminotransferase (ALT, AST), increased in a large number of drinking, day and night, viral infection, fatty liver, hepatitis, drug-induced liver damage, liver cirrhosis.

Renal power: BUN, urea nitrogen, creatinine (Bun, Cr), increase in the elderly can be seen in high-protein diet, a lot of sweating, dehydration; chronic nephritis and other kidney diseases, long-term hypertension, diabetes, drugs, severe infections caused by renal dysfunction .

Fasting blood glucose: increased mainly seen in diabetes, normal and can not be excluded from early or mild diabetes, middle-aged and elderly people should regularly test fasting blood glucose and regular check 2 hours postprandial blood glucose, glucose tolerance, glycated hemoglobin and so on.

Serum uric acid: reduce the protein foods suggest that eating too little; increase in protein metabolism in the body, prone to gout, attention to monitoring, control protein diet.

Blood lipids: Increased triglyceride levels are closely related to diet and life. Attention should be paid to controlling high oil diets and excessive diets. Cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol should be elevated to abnormal lipid metabolism in the body, which is closely related to the occurrence of atherosclerosis, and mildly increased attention to diet control. Strengthen aerobic exercise and control weight. Obviously increased or accompanied by arterial plaque to the hospital for treatment, plus lipid-lowering drugs. Abnormal lipid metabolism should be regularly reviewed.

Blood routine: The main items include white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, platelets, etc. Don't be nervous when abnormalities occur. Most of them are benign processes and can be further examined by the Department of Hematology.

Urine routine: The main items of urine occult blood, white blood cells, proteins, etc., in which urine protein or asymptomatic a large number of occult blood to cause concern, review, renal medicine or urology timely diagnosis and treatment.

Abdominal color Doppler ultrasound: Liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidney, people, middle-aged and elderly people fatty liver is very common, pay attention to adjust the diet, exercise, etc.; hemangiomas, hepatic cysts, renal cysts, gallbladder or bile duct stones, kidney or ureteral stones Such as benign process, if there is no symptoms, can be observed regularly; smaller or multiple gallbladder polyps should be observed regularly, rapid changes or a single larger timely surgical treatment; abdominal organs if the lesion is found, the nature is not good Determined, surgical treatment should be timely.

X-ray examination: Do not give up X-ray and give up examinations. Every 1-2 years, women, especially men, smokers need to check every year. Pulmonary induration, fibrosis, calcification, pleural hypertrophy and adhesions and other old stable lesions, if observed regularly without symptoms; lung texture is more, thick, chaotic and more associated with bronchitis; pulmonary nodules, shadows, space-occupying lesions All of them should attract attention, and they should be examined in a timely manner in the respiratory and chest clinics.