Vitiligo, psoriasis... List of seven new autoimmune diseases research and development status
July 20, 2018 Source: Sina Pharmaceutical News
Window._bd_share_config={ "common":{ "bdSnsKey":{ },"bdText":"","bdMini":"2","bdMiniList":false,"bdPic":"","bdStyle":" 0","bdSize":"16"},"share":{ }};with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')) .src='http://bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?v=89860593.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)];Although most of the time we think that the disease is caused by bacteria or viruses, when the body's own defense system attacks its own tissues, it also occurs. These diseases are called autoimmune diseases because the body's immune response to its own antigen. Caused by damage to their own tissues. To date, there have been more than 80 known autoimmune diseases, and the affected tissues are spread throughout the body, most commonly including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and the like.
Recently, Europe's well-known life sciences website (Labiotech.eu) has counted seven relatively rare autoimmune diseases and new drug developments.
1. Grave's disease
Graves' disease (GD), also known as toxic diffuse goiter, is a common autoimmune thyroid disease and the most common cause of clinical hyperthyroidism, which is caused by the immune system mistakenly attacking the thyroid gland. Being overactive, leading to excessive secretion of thyroid hormones, leading to a variety of symptoms, including thyroid enlargement, muscle weakness and ocular protrusion, the latter has a potential risk of blindness.
The first-line treatment options for GD include thyroid drugs and/or radiological iodine therapy that reduce thyroid hormone production. However, many patients undergoing current first-line therapy experience failure, and the last option is surgical removal of the thyroid gland, leading to lifelong thyroid replacement therapy and potential complications such as scarring and vocal cord injury. Therefore, it is still necessary to find new ways to treat GD.
Currently, British biotechnology company Apitope is developing a pioneering drug, ATX-GD-59, which is a peptide-based therapy that mimics antigenic epitopes to inactivate white blood cells that attack the thyroid gland and prevents anti-thyroid hormone receptors. The production of TSHR stimulating antibody, which targets the immunological basis of GD, is expected to be the first innovative treatment for disease modification in GD in 60 years. In January of this year, Apitope announced the results of Phase I clinical studies. The data showed that ADX-GD-59 has good safety and tolerability in the treatment of GD. After 12 weeks of treatment, most patients have normal thyroid function. Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) antibody levels are normal.
2. Psoriasis
A common misconception about skin diseases such as psoriasis is that they are mostly cosmetic damage and discomfort. However, similar to burn victims, skin damage can be very severe during the onset of the disease, making it impossible for the patient to properly regulate body temperature and is susceptible to life-threatening infections.
Dividend care and some biological agents are currently available for the treatment of psoriasis. However, antibody therapy may prove to be a more effective approach. Major biotech companies are also scrambling to bring their products to market.
Danish pharmaceutical company LEO Pharma antibody drug Kyntheum (brodalumab) was first approved in Europe, and then the German biotechnology company MorphoSys antibody drug guselkumab also received EMA approval, the drug is expected to surpass Aber in a variety of rare autoimmune diseases The best-selling drug, Humira.
Currently, Novartis is comparing secukinumab with Humira in two Phase III clinical studies. Another competitive antibody is bimekizumab from Belgian biopharmaceutical company UCB, which has received positive data in Phase IIb clinical trials.
Earlier this year, the Dutch biotechnology company raised 15 million euros to develop psoriasis needle-free therapy, which targets specific hormone receptors to reduce inflammation. At the same time, Samsung Bioepis also launched a biosimilar of Johnson & Johnson Remicade (infliximab). Other companies active in the field include Delenex Therapeutics, Affibody in Sweden and Switch Biotech in Germany.
3, uveitis (Uveitis)
Uveitis is a general term for inflammation of the pigmented layer of the eye (the uvea) and is usually treated with anti-inflammatory steroid eye drops, which can cause eye infections and pain.
Like psoriasis, many companies are currently developing new antibody drugs for the treatment of uveitis, some of which have been successful. For example, last year, Aberdeen Humira was approved by the European Union EMA to treat children with uveitis. In the United States, the drug was approved for treatment of uveitis in 2016. In addition, Novartis has also demonstrated that its antibody drug secukinumab is effective in treating uveitis in addition to psoriasis.
In addition, some biotechnology companies are developing cell therapy to treat uveitis. TxCell's T-cell therapy in France has been awarded the orphan drug for autoimmune uveitis in the United States and Europe, but the therapy has not yet entered the human body. Apitope is also testing a T-cell immunotherapy for uveitis and psoriasis.
Other companies are developing small molecule therapies. Last year, Galapagos and Gilead underwent Phase II clinical trials to test the potential of filgotinib in non-infectious uveitis.
4, sarcoidosis (Sarcoidosis)
Sarcoidosis is a difficult-to-understand autoimmune disease in which inflammatory cells form granulomas in certain tissues, especially lung tissue. The most common symptoms of the disease are respiratory problems and chest pain, although they can also occur in Any other organization, including the brain.
Johnson & Johnson's Remicade has been shown to be effective in treating pulmonary sarcoidosis. On the other hand, the company's company Centocor failed to demonstrate the efficacy of the antibody drugs ustekinumab and golimumab in the stage II clinical trial of sarcoidosis.
Aberdeen's Humira is also effective in treating sarcoidosis, and Phase II results show that the drug reduces the size of the patient's lesion.
5, Addison's disease (Addison'disease)
Addison's disease is a disease that occurs when the endocrine system that controls the release of hormones becomes relaxed. The disease is caused by an enzyme called 21 hydroxylase that attacks the adrenal gland and impairs its ability to produce the hormone cortisol and adrenaline. The disease can cause a range of symptoms including weakness, pain, hypotension, and pigmentation in the skin area. When the hormone level is too low, an acute attack can also occur.
Addison's disease can replace cortisol by conventional hormone replacement therapy. However, this can be cumbersome because, like diabetics, a cortisol syringe must be carried with them for emergency use.
Earlier this year, researchers at Queen Mary College of the University of London used cells isolated from the urine to produce artificial adrenal glands, which may help to cure the disease by supplementing the body's cortisol levels.
6, Vitiligo (Vitiligo)
Vitiligo is often mistaken for hyperpigmentation of the skin, but in reality it is a loss of skin pigmentation. The disease is usually treated with corticosteroids and phototherapy, which can lead to premature aging of the skin and increase the risk of skin cancer. Long-term use of glucocorticoids has certain side effects, from osteoporosis to increased risk of infection and diabetes. Therefore, there is an urgent need in the field to find new alternative treatment options.
Currently, Danish biotechnology company Vilacta Bio is developing a skin lotion that enhances the immune system by using nanoparticle drug delivery technology. An I/II study at the University of Navarra shows that transplanting patient-derived melanocytes to the affected skin can treat vitiligo. Outside of Europe, Australian biopharmaceutical company Clinuvel Pharma also has a drug SCENESSE in Phase II clinical.
7, Granulomatosis (Granulomatosis)
Granulomatosis is a type of vasculitis or vascular inflammation, including many syndromes and rare autoimmune diseases, some of which are poorly understood. Granulomatosis can lead to weight loss, fatigue and shortness of breath. It is usually treated with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents, which increases the risk of infection.
The University of Groningen in the Netherlands and the US biotechnology company Kineta are investigating a drug derived from anemones that has been found to have a positive effect on the complications of granulomatosis. The drug is expected to provide a corticosteroid replacement therapy.
Postscript: On a global scale, the incidence of autoimmune diseases is gradually increasing, and more and more people are diagnosed with autoimmune diseases. Developing new treatments can help reduce the impact of these diseases on the quality of life of patients and reduce the side effects of other therapies. At present, many biotechnology companies are working on the development of antibody therapies, and other technologies such as immunotherapy and cell therapy are also helping to develop new drugs for autoimmune diseases, and are bringing innovative treatments to the field.
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