First, the choice of chicken
1. Selection of hens: all black, feathers, small head, handsome figure, big and shiny chicken cocks, oval anus, loose and moist, pubic thin and soft, large and soft abdomen, pubic space between 2 -3 finger widths or more, pubic bone to sternal spacing 3-4 finger width or more, strong egg production ability, weak husbandry, short egg laying time, long egg production time, hens with late feathering and short time are reserved use.
2, the choice of cock: single-vertical erection, crown and meat large and shiny, all black, piece feathers, great eyes, feathers compact, chest wide, deep, large and wet anus, feet high and medium size, healthy and strong. The male and female are grouped and numbered in a ratio of 1:25, grouped by artificial insemination, grouped by quail eggs, hatched and hatched, grouped after hatching, and specifically recorded in the following areas: From the shell to 8 weeks of age Body weight, average value, selected individuals with average body weight (10%-15%) were reserved for body measurements, body measurements (body length, chest depth, chest width, chest circumference, sternum length, cheekbones length, etc.); 13-18 weeks Body weight was measured, growth and development process was recorded, and the average (10%-15%) of individuals was selected as the seed; the order of selection was body weight → chest width → foot height → crown, with small head, wide chest, and short legs. Individuals are good, egg cages are produced at 15 weeks of age; male and female are separated, parents are separated from their offspring, and the age of first birth, body weight, and daily egg production are recorded; or 3 for 1 cage and 3 for 1 The indicators such as egg production were counted and counted for 43 weeks. For high egg production, 40-50 cages were generally selected in 100 cages. The cockerel is a sibling with a high-yield hen and is mated with its siblings. The offspring have good egg production performance. Male and female hens that produce fewer eggs mate and their offspring produce fewer eggs for sale.
Second, the environment choice
Broiler chickens live in open chicken coops and are greatly affected in winter and summer. The chicken coops should be reconstructed to increase temperature and heat preservation facilities, so as to increase the egg production rate. The optimum temperature for laying hens is 15-25°C, and the best egg production rate is at 20°C. Below 15°C, when the temperature drops by 1°C, the egg production rate will decrease by 1.5%. Eggshells above 26°C will become thinner, and the rate of egg breakage above 30°C will increase significantly. Therefore, it will be beneficial for the eggs to live at a suitable temperature. .
One is to install a fan at one end of the chicken house, seal the chicken house on both sides, and turn on the fan so that it can draw air vertically to achieve the purpose of cooling. This method has a good cooling effect on the chicken house, but the fan uses three-phase power. To use this method to pay a certain amount of electricity, it is necessary to consider whether the economic benefits brought by this can be paid for. In addition, the use of water curtain cooling system, the best cooling effect, but the highest cost.
The second is the lower installation cost of the 10′′ sprayer, each sprayer can cover 16m2, requiring the use of water pressure 20Pa driven, according to the chicken house area to calculate the number of nozzles installed, this method is low cost and simple, there is a certain cooling effect. However, if you use it for a long period of time, if you have chicken manure in the chicken house for a long period of time, make the ammonia concentration in the house high, so you need to clear the manure in time, ventilate and change the air, keep the air fresh in the house, and people do not feel dazzling, weeping, or not in the house. The use of VC to drink water, heatstroke to prevent heat and stress, or to use citric acid at a concentration of 1:4000 to drink water every day in the morning is used.Four is winter for open breeder sheds. The windows can be sealed with double-layer plastic cloth, tarpaulin and other heat insulation materials to reduce heat dissipation in the chicken house; coal stoves, boilers, hot air heaters and other heating equipment can be used to warm the chicken house, maintain proper temperature, and improve the chicken's Egg production rate At the same time, do a good job in the ventilation of the house.
Third, light illumination is one of the important factors affecting chicken development. It plays a decisive role in sexual maturation, ovulation and laying of chickens. Generally, light is maintained for at least 16 hours per day during the egg production period. The light can be increased to 17 hours before the chicken is eliminated 4 weeks before, and the optimal light intensity is 5lx. The winter sunshine is short, especially in cloudy and foggy days, which affects the chicken's feeding. Therefore, in the cloudy days and foggy days in winter, lights should be added to light in time. In addition, you should pay attention to wipe the bulb to prevent the light intensity from becoming weak after the bulb becomes dirty. Try to make the light uniform.
Fourth, the choice of feed intake generally believe that 1kg diet containing metabolic energy 10.88-12.00MJ is more appropriate, not only to meet the normal growth and development and production of energy, without excessive fat deposition. The portion of the diet energy needed to maintain normal growth activity and function of the chicken body is stored as fat. The feed intake of black-bone chickens is determined by the energy level of the diet. When the metabolic energy level in the diet is high, the feed intake decreases; when the metabolic energy level in the diet is low, the feed intake increases. Wuji chickens produce 1 egg every 2 days or 2 eggs from 3 days. Therefore, the amount of material used must be calculated to prevent excessive use of materials, resulting in fat deposition, excessive weight, and affecting the yield. The daily feeding amount is about 100-120g/feather.
Fifth, feeding the feed to provide full-quality, palatable feed. While meeting the needs for crude protein (18%), metabolic energy (11.5 MJ/kg), and calcium, special attention should be paid to the contents of methionine, lysine, and valine. At the same time, it is also possible to add 1%-3% of fats and oils to the feed. This will not only increase the energy level of the feed, but also increase the feed palatability and increase the feed intake of the chicken.
Six, strengthen feeding management
1. It is a good job in the health of chicken coops, regularly or occasionally cleaning chicken excrement to keep the air in the house stable. The fifth is to reduce stress. During the peak period of laying, laying hens have high production intensity, heavy physiological burden, poor resistance and are very sensitive to stress. If there is stress, the egg production of the chicken will drop sharply, the mortality rate will increase, the feed consumption will increase, and it will be difficult to recover to the original level after the production of egg drops. Therefore, at this stage, care must be taken to avoid the following aspects of stress: To keep the sheds and the surrounding environment quiet, keepers should wear fixed work clothes; no one can enter the sheds; plug the wormholes in the sheds and regularly administer them outside the house. The bait was used to eliminate rats; the doors, windows, and vents were sealed with iron wire to prevent cats, dogs, birds, and rats from entering the house.
2, in the hot season to change the feeding time, should allow the chicken to feed in the coolest time of the day, if the change feed should have a 3-5d transition period to prevent chicken dyspepsia, causing decreased egg production.
3. During high-temperature weather, try to avoid switching to groups, cutting off bugs, and immunization. The artificial insemination time for breeding chickens should be adjusted to 16:00 after summer so as to reduce unnecessary losses caused by external disturbances.
4, can not use moldy feed to ensure adequate supply of clean drinking water. Water is a nutrient necessary for chicken growth, egg production, and health. It participates in the entire metabolic process of the organism. Generally, each chicken needs 200-300 mL of water per day, and insufficient drinking water can reduce egg production by 2%-3%, and eggs Reduce the weight; drinkers should be cleaned daily to ensure good water quality and create a high-yield drinking water environment.
Seven, do a good job of immunization
Vaccination will produce stress, especially when it is vaccinated against bird flu. Inoculation during the laying period can reduce egg production by more than 50%. At present, breeding chickens in chicken farms take a long time. Three to three bird flu vaccination campaigns are required before they are phased out. In accordance with the requirements for vaccine use, they are injected six times a month. Vaccination occurs during egg production, so as not to affect egg production. , In the absence of special circumstances, should be injected at the end of an egg production period, so as not to affect the egg production rate.
1. Selection of hens: all black, feathers, small head, handsome figure, big and shiny chicken cocks, oval anus, loose and moist, pubic thin and soft, large and soft abdomen, pubic space between 2 -3 finger widths or more, pubic bone to sternal spacing 3-4 finger width or more, strong egg production ability, weak husbandry, short egg laying time, long egg production time, hens with late feathering and short time are reserved use.
2, the choice of cock: single-vertical erection, crown and meat large and shiny, all black, piece feathers, great eyes, feathers compact, chest wide, deep, large and wet anus, feet high and medium size, healthy and strong. The male and female are grouped and numbered in a ratio of 1:25, grouped by artificial insemination, grouped by quail eggs, hatched and hatched, grouped after hatching, and specifically recorded in the following areas: From the shell to 8 weeks of age Body weight, average value, selected individuals with average body weight (10%-15%) were reserved for body measurements, body measurements (body length, chest depth, chest width, chest circumference, sternum length, cheekbones length, etc.); 13-18 weeks Body weight was measured, growth and development process was recorded, and the average (10%-15%) of individuals was selected as the seed; the order of selection was body weight → chest width → foot height → crown, with small head, wide chest, and short legs. Individuals are good, egg cages are produced at 15 weeks of age; male and female are separated, parents are separated from their offspring, and the age of first birth, body weight, and daily egg production are recorded; or 3 for 1 cage and 3 for 1 The indicators such as egg production were counted and counted for 43 weeks. For high egg production, 40-50 cages were generally selected in 100 cages. The cockerel is a sibling with a high-yield hen and is mated with its siblings. The offspring have good egg production performance. Male and female hens that produce fewer eggs mate and their offspring produce fewer eggs for sale.
Second, the environment choice
Broiler chickens live in open chicken coops and are greatly affected in winter and summer. The chicken coops should be reconstructed to increase temperature and heat preservation facilities, so as to increase the egg production rate. The optimum temperature for laying hens is 15-25°C, and the best egg production rate is at 20°C. Below 15°C, when the temperature drops by 1°C, the egg production rate will decrease by 1.5%. Eggshells above 26°C will become thinner, and the rate of egg breakage above 30°C will increase significantly. Therefore, it will be beneficial for the eggs to live at a suitable temperature. .
One is to install a fan at one end of the chicken house, seal the chicken house on both sides, and turn on the fan so that it can draw air vertically to achieve the purpose of cooling. This method has a good cooling effect on the chicken house, but the fan uses three-phase power. To use this method to pay a certain amount of electricity, it is necessary to consider whether the economic benefits brought by this can be paid for. In addition, the use of water curtain cooling system, the best cooling effect, but the highest cost.
The second is the lower installation cost of the 10′′ sprayer, each sprayer can cover 16m2, requiring the use of water pressure 20Pa driven, according to the chicken house area to calculate the number of nozzles installed, this method is low cost and simple, there is a certain cooling effect. However, if you use it for a long period of time, if you have chicken manure in the chicken house for a long period of time, make the ammonia concentration in the house high, so you need to clear the manure in time, ventilate and change the air, keep the air fresh in the house, and people do not feel dazzling, weeping, or not in the house. The use of VC to drink water, heatstroke to prevent heat and stress, or to use citric acid at a concentration of 1:4000 to drink water every day in the morning is used.Four is winter for open breeder sheds. The windows can be sealed with double-layer plastic cloth, tarpaulin and other heat insulation materials to reduce heat dissipation in the chicken house; coal stoves, boilers, hot air heaters and other heating equipment can be used to warm the chicken house, maintain proper temperature, and improve the chicken's Egg production rate At the same time, do a good job in the ventilation of the house.
Third, light illumination is one of the important factors affecting chicken development. It plays a decisive role in sexual maturation, ovulation and laying of chickens. Generally, light is maintained for at least 16 hours per day during the egg production period. The light can be increased to 17 hours before the chicken is eliminated 4 weeks before, and the optimal light intensity is 5lx. The winter sunshine is short, especially in cloudy and foggy days, which affects the chicken's feeding. Therefore, in the cloudy days and foggy days in winter, lights should be added to light in time. In addition, you should pay attention to wipe the bulb to prevent the light intensity from becoming weak after the bulb becomes dirty. Try to make the light uniform.
Fourth, the choice of feed intake generally believe that 1kg diet containing metabolic energy 10.88-12.00MJ is more appropriate, not only to meet the normal growth and development and production of energy, without excessive fat deposition. The portion of the diet energy needed to maintain normal growth activity and function of the chicken body is stored as fat. The feed intake of black-bone chickens is determined by the energy level of the diet. When the metabolic energy level in the diet is high, the feed intake decreases; when the metabolic energy level in the diet is low, the feed intake increases. Wuji chickens produce 1 egg every 2 days or 2 eggs from 3 days. Therefore, the amount of material used must be calculated to prevent excessive use of materials, resulting in fat deposition, excessive weight, and affecting the yield. The daily feeding amount is about 100-120g/feather.
Fifth, feeding the feed to provide full-quality, palatable feed. While meeting the needs for crude protein (18%), metabolic energy (11.5 MJ/kg), and calcium, special attention should be paid to the contents of methionine, lysine, and valine. At the same time, it is also possible to add 1%-3% of fats and oils to the feed. This will not only increase the energy level of the feed, but also increase the feed palatability and increase the feed intake of the chicken.
Six, strengthen feeding management
1. It is a good job in the health of chicken coops, regularly or occasionally cleaning chicken excrement to keep the air in the house stable. The fifth is to reduce stress. During the peak period of laying, laying hens have high production intensity, heavy physiological burden, poor resistance and are very sensitive to stress. If there is stress, the egg production of the chicken will drop sharply, the mortality rate will increase, the feed consumption will increase, and it will be difficult to recover to the original level after the production of egg drops. Therefore, at this stage, care must be taken to avoid the following aspects of stress: To keep the sheds and the surrounding environment quiet, keepers should wear fixed work clothes; no one can enter the sheds; plug the wormholes in the sheds and regularly administer them outside the house. The bait was used to eliminate rats; the doors, windows, and vents were sealed with iron wire to prevent cats, dogs, birds, and rats from entering the house.
2, in the hot season to change the feeding time, should allow the chicken to feed in the coolest time of the day, if the change feed should have a 3-5d transition period to prevent chicken dyspepsia, causing decreased egg production.
3. During high-temperature weather, try to avoid switching to groups, cutting off bugs, and immunization. The artificial insemination time for breeding chickens should be adjusted to 16:00 after summer so as to reduce unnecessary losses caused by external disturbances.
4, can not use moldy feed to ensure adequate supply of clean drinking water. Water is a nutrient necessary for chicken growth, egg production, and health. It participates in the entire metabolic process of the organism. Generally, each chicken needs 200-300 mL of water per day, and insufficient drinking water can reduce egg production by 2%-3%, and eggs Reduce the weight; drinkers should be cleaned daily to ensure good water quality and create a high-yield drinking water environment.
Seven, do a good job of immunization
Vaccination will produce stress, especially when it is vaccinated against bird flu. Inoculation during the laying period can reduce egg production by more than 50%. At present, breeding chickens in chicken farms take a long time. Three to three bird flu vaccination campaigns are required before they are phased out. In accordance with the requirements for vaccine use, they are injected six times a month. Vaccination occurs during egg production, so as not to affect egg production. , In the absence of special circumstances, should be injected at the end of an egg production period, so as not to affect the egg production rate.
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