In the process of growing vegetables in summer, many vegetable farmers have encountered the phenomenon of vegetable fruit malformation. Malformed vegetables are not good-looking, and some will change their taste, greatly reducing the economic and edible value of vegetables.
Cause of malformation
Flower bud differentiation during flower bud differentiation encountered environmental factors such as unfavorable temperature, insufficient water supply, and insufficient continuous rain and light, leading to flower bud differentiation disorder, which was deformed after flower bud formation, and the fruit formed was deformed. Or in the process of pollination and fertilization, the above-mentioned adverse factors are encountered, which makes the pollination fertilization poor, and finally forms abnormal flowers or fruits. Such as cucumber curved melon.
When the root system of the root injury or dysplastic melon crop is poorly developed, the nutrient absorption is inhibited, the plant resistance is decreased, the leaf growth is poor, the photosynthetic product and the absorbed nutrients are not well transported into the melon strip, which is easy to cause melon strips. Malformed and hollow.
Unreasonable use of fertilizer
Lack of calcium and boron fertilizers as long as the result of vegetables, in the prosperous period requires a large amount of calcium fertilizer, so if the lack of calcium and boron fertilizer in melon vegetables, it will also cause hollow melons, taste bitter, there will be thin waist melon on the cucumber.
The multi-ventricular giant malformation fruit appearing in the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer is generally caused by excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer during the cultivation process, resulting in excessive differentiation of flower buds and an increase in the number of ventricles.
Temperature and light conditions are not suitable, especially in summer, and the temperature is high. If there is even cloudy weather, some crops that enter the flowering and fruiting period under the shade net will suffer from flowering coke and fruit malformation due to lack of light for a long time. The winter temperature is low, and if the crop is continuously affected by low temperature, the deformed fruit will also appear.
Plant growth regulators are used improperly to achieve the effect of preserving flowers and fruits. In the process of tomato production, plant growth regulators such as 2,4~D or anti-fallin are used too much, but the concentration of the drug used in the process is too large. Improper selection, inappropriate temperature, repeated twisting and other factors are easy to form deformed fruit.
The main cause of malaria is the virus disease. Tomatoes, zucchini, cucumber, bitter gourd and other vegetables are more seriously affected by viral diseases, often causing a large number of deformed flowers and fruits.
Precaution
Do a good job in seedling management to ensure normal flower bud differentiation
Ensuring Appropriate Seedling Conditions During the nursery period, controlling the appropriate seedling conditions is the key to preventing deformed fruit. The first is to cultivate age-appropriate seedlings. The second is to control the temperature and fertilizer use after the seedlings are unearthed, and to avoid low-temperature refining and multi-nitrogen fertilizer seedlings in the production.
Seedling management controls the field temperature according to the temperature requirements of different crops to prevent long-term exposure to low temperature or high temperature.
Control the use of nitrogen fertilizer to prevent excessive growth of nutrients. At the same time, it is necessary to add trace elements such as boron and calcium, apply organic water-soluble fertilizers, maintain roots, and cultivate robust plants.
Watering properly to avoid drastic changes in moisture in the soil. The root is the main organ for absorbing mineral nutrients, and the strength of root absorption also determines the level of nutrient supply.
Before flowering and setting fruit, the strong root system can meet the mineral elements needed for vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the plant. Once the absorption capacity of the root system is weakened and the nutrient supply is problematic, it will inevitably affect the growth of the aboveground part and will also turn immediately. Plants that grow into reproduction cause serious effects.
Do a good job in thinning and thinning, such as tomato, the number of normal flower buds is 5-7, and the sputum is more than 9 are deformed flowers, which should be removed in time.
Each ear combines scented flowers to remove the first open flower in each ear, which is easy to form deformed fruit. After each ear is placed, the residual flowers and deformed fruits formed by the scented flowers are removed in time.
Rational use of plant growth regulators (for example, tomatoes)
The correct and rational use of the growth regulator sputum can effectively reduce the occurrence of tomato malformation.
The appropriate concentration should be selected according to the growth of the plant, the temperature at the time of flowering, and a reasonable ratio. Under normal circumstances, when the temperature is high, the concentration is low, and when the temperature is low, the concentration is appropriately high; when the plant grows vigorously, the concentration is appropriately high, and when the plant grows weak, the concentration is appropriately low.
To choose the right period and time period, the general choice is that the second flower of the first flower and the third flower flower are completely open, and when the hair is extended to the bell mouth, the flower is appropriate, the flower is too early to form a stiff fruit, and the flower is too late. Causes deformed fruit or cracked fruit. It is best to start the flowering on a sunny day when there are no water droplets on the leaves.
Note that the flower can not be repeated. Repeatedly, the concentration of the liquid is too high, and the deformed fruit is easy to be produced. A small amount of red pigment or ink can be added to the configured liquid as a mark.
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