In the process of tomato growth, there will be various pests and diseases. The vegetable farmers should adhere to the principle of prevention-based harmless control and control various pests and diseases in the bud.
First, the nursery period
1. Use resistant varieties. Should be selected for low temperature adaptability and disease resistance of the fine varieties.
2. Seed disinfection. The tomato seeds were placed in hot water at 55°C. After the water temperature was maintained for 15 minutes, the temperature of the water was rapidly reduced to about 30°C to prevent tomato leaf mold, canker and early blight.
3. Cultivate strong seedlings. The use of nutritious soil-free seedlings or treatment of seedlings with Miao Genkang effectively reduces soil-borne diseases and improves seedling resistance.
Second, the colonization period
1. Set insect nets. Covering the greenhouse film 15-20 days before planting, and installing 50-60 mesh insect nets at the vents and entrances and exits can effectively prevent pests from moving into the greenhouse.
2. Formulated fertilization. Re-apply organic fertilizer, increase phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, make-up application of trace fertilizer. The per acre Shiren organic fertilizer 4000-5000 kilograms, phosphate fertilizer 80-100 kilograms, potassium sulfate 15-20 kilograms, zinc fertilizer, boron each 1 kilogram.
3. Soil treatment. Use withered wilting 1+1 to spray the soil before laying the film to improve soil structure and prevent soil-borne diseases.
4. Plastic film cover cultivation. The mulching of the mulching film covers the entire area under the membrane and reduces the air humidity in the shed, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of diseases.
Third, the growth period
1. Hang a light curtain. Before the onset of low temperatures in winter, a 1.5-meter-tall aluminum-plated reflector screen hangs on the northern wall of the solar greenhouse, adding light and warming.
2. Implement temperature management. In other words, when the temperature in the greenhouse rapidly rises to 33°C in the morning and evening on sunny days, the top wind is released and the spore production of gray mold, late blight, and other pathogens is reduced. When the temperature is above 25°C, the ventilation is continued at noon. In the afternoon, the temperature of the greenhouse is maintained at 20°C-25°C, and when the temperature is 20°C, the wind is closed, so that the temperature in the shed during the day is preferably 20°C-33°C and 15°C-20°C at night. On cloudy days, we must also conduct short-term ventilation and dehumidification to create ecological conditions that are conducive to the growth of tomatoes and not conducive to the occurrence of diseases, so as to achieve the purpose of ecological disease control.
3. Yellow traps. According to the habit of yellowing of pests such as Liriomyza sativae, greenhouse whitefly, and aphids, 30 cm 40 cm yellow plates 20-25 were hung in each standard shed (50m 8m) and painted with petrolatum or butter. The hanging height of the yellow plate is slightly higher than the growth point of the tomato plant at its lower edge, and the corpse trapped on it is regularly eliminated, and the insect population can be reduced by more than 50%.
4. High temperature control disease. When the occurrence of gray mold, leaf mold, late blight and other diseases is difficult to control in the field, the medicine can be heated and sterilized in a short time after the medicine is used. The technique is to select the shelter at sunny noon and high temperature for 2 hours. The temperature is controlled at 36. °C -40 °C, no more than 40 °C, once every 10 days, 2-3 times in a row, can significantly inhibit the growth of bacteria, control the development and spread of the disease.
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