High-yield cultivation technology of watermelon in Guangxi

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate zone. It has long summers, high temperatures, heavy precipitation, short winters, and warm weather. The average annual temperature is 21.1 ° C. Light, temperature, water, and soil conditions are very conducive to production. Watermelons are classified as Guangxi. One of the characteristic fruits. However, in recent years, due to long-term continuous cropping and improper field management, watermelon yield and quality have declined. In order to better guide watermelon planting and increase the enthusiasm of melon farmers, the high-yield cultivation techniques of watermelon are summarized as follows.

1Selection of good varieties

To grow watermelons in Guangxi, you should choose disease-resistant varieties with high germination rate, strong fruit, thin skin, not hollow, and high sugar content. At present, the main varieties of watermelon in spring are Hei Meiren, Xiaoqilin and Huaqilin. Heimei series mainly include Zhunong, Baoguan, Dafeng and other varieties. The autumn watermelon is mainly selected from the North Sea and other varieties. In the spring near Nanning, it is basically impossible to plant autumn watermelon. The varieties are mainly blue and white seedless watermelon and Xiaofu watermelon.

2 Site preparation

2.1 Land selection

Watermelon fields are suitable for sandy loam soil which is loose, breathable, and has a certain capacity to retain water and fertilizer. Watermelon fields are not suitable for continuous cropping. Otherwise, various germs, especially fusarium wilt, are likely to be caused. The planting interval is at least 3 years. For the previous crops, it is better to use grass, corn and other crops. It is not advisable to choose a plot of melon vegetables.

2.2 Fertilization

The melon field must be cultivated deeply, with a depth of 30-35cm. After the ploughing, the sloping surface with a width of 2.5-3.0m and a height of about 20cm is formed, and drainage ditches are opened around it. Trench the base fertilizer on one side of the loquat, apply the mature farm fertilizer 7500-15000kg / hm2, super-calcium phosphate 450-750kg / hm2, ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 450-600kg / hm2, if the farm fertilizer The amount is small, compound fertilizer can be applied in appropriate amount, and then cover the plastic film, and white film is suitable to prevent the loss of fertilizer effect and weed growth.

3 sowing

The suitable sowing time for watermelon in open field cultivation is when the final frost has passed and the ground temperature is stable at about 15 ° C. In addition, the sowing time should be determined according to the variety, cultivation method, cultivation season and consumption season. Nanning spring watermelons are generally sown at the end of February and early March, and harvested and marketed at the end of May and early June. Autumn watermelons are generally sown at the end of June and early July, and harvested and marketed in early September. In southern Guangxi, such as Beihai, the temperature is higher than in Nanning in the same period, and the planting period is generally earlier than Nanning. In northern Guangxi, such as Guilin, the planting period is delayed accordingly.

4 Seedling transplanting

Watermelon in Guangxi is mainly grafted. In some areas, sugarcane and watermelon interplanting are adopted. The seedling age in spring is controlled at about 25 days, and the seedling age in autumn is 10-15 days. Two true leaves are planted. Spring breeding seedlings need to pay attention to cold protection, autumn breeding seedlings need to pay attention to the surrounding ventilation shed to raise seedlings to prevent heavy rain and wind. Transplanting should be carried out on a sunny day. When planting, firstly open a hole, and after watering, plant seedlings to cultivate soil and seal trenches. Planting density is closely related to watermelon yield, fruit size and variety. Generally, large watermelons are planted at 7500-9000 plants / hm2, and small watermelons are planted at 9750-11250 plants / hm2.

5 Field Management

5.1 Fertilizer and water management

According to the characteristics of large watermelon fruit, short growth period, and fast growth speed, on the basis of applying sufficient base fertilizer, the top seedling fertilizer should be applied in a timely manner. The roots are irrigated with 0.3% urea 5-7 days after transplantation; Ditch vines at the root of 40-50cm, apply compound fertilizer 450-600kg / hm2, potassium sulfate 150-300kg / hm2, cooked cake fertilizer 3000-4500kg / hm2; when watermelon eggs are large, at the base of the melon root 30-45cm Farmers who apply compound fertilizer, urea, and manure water, farmers without manure water can apply urea 67.5kg / hm2, compound fertilizer 120.0kg / hm2, and potassium sulfate 75.0kg / hm2. Pay attention that the concentration should be light when applying, and fertilize with water. In the later stages of watermelon growth, a 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed on the leaves, spraying once every 7-10 days, spraying a total of 2-3 times. In terms of water management, sufficient water supply should be ensured in the early stage, and water should be strictly controlled in the later stage, so as to lay the foundation for high yield and quality of watermelon.

5.2 Pruning

At present, the cultivation of watermelons in Guangxi generally adopts the method of double-vine pruning, single-line cultivation of melon vines is placed in one direction, and double-line cultivation of melon vines climbs up. Generally, the main vine will start pressing when it is 20-30cm long, and then press the vine once every 4-6 knots. The pruning should generally cut off the side buds of the sitting melon, and leave 6-8 leaves topping after sitting. And the side buds behind the sitting melon nodes should be appropriately selected to leave 3 to 5 for growth. The remaining fruit should choose the third and fourth main vines, or the second and third female vines, one fruit per plant.

6 Pest control

6.1 Disease

At present, the main diseases of watermelon in Guangxi are anthracnose, blight and blight. Fungal fruit rot and so on. Watermelon anthracnose can occur in the above-ground part of the watermelon during its entire growth period. It mainly causes leaf and stem vine death and fruit rot. It is a severe disease that is currently difficult to cure. Therefore, it is recommended to use high-efficiency counter pesticides to prevent and treat diseases. Foliar spraying of amishida (25% azoxystrobin) or antaisen (70% methyl methanozem) and methyl tobzine. Watermelon blight can occur throughout the entire growth period of watermelon. It is most severe in high humidity and mainly infects stems and leaves and fruits. For watermelon blight and blight, Kelu (64% mancozeb zinc + 8% cream urea cyanide) can be sprayed. Bacterial fruit rot of watermelon mainly occurs in the middle and late stages of watermelon growth, causing fruit rot and severely affecting yield. Agricultural streptomycin can be used as a medicine. In the prevention and treatment of diseases, prevention is the main and comprehensive prevention and control. In the daily spraying process, bacterial diseases and fungal diseases can be controlled together. Spray in the morning or evening, spray once every 5-7d, and spray continuously 2 or 3 times. If it happens to be rainy weather, it should be sprayed in time.

6.2 Pests

At present, the main pests of watermelons in Guangxi are yellow stalk melon, green worms, thrips, aphids, leaf miners and so on. Huang Shougua can occur during the whole growth period of watermelon, especially in the autumn seedling stage, which is prone to severe hot and rainy weather. Therefore, it should be covered with a small arch net when raising seedlings; the drug can be sprayed with cypermethrin. Green insect pests such as silkworm, Spodoptera litura, etc., are more serious in the middle and late stages of watermelon growth, and can damage leaves and fruits. Avermectin can be used for pesticide control. Because the larvae have the habit of emergence day and night, the spray effect in the evening *. Thrips and aphids are likely to be severely damaged in hot and dry weather, especially from April to May. The medicine can be sprayed with acetamiprid and avermectin, or mixed with imidacloprid and avermectin. Thrips usually suck the juice on the back of the leaf. In order to achieve the effect, the back of the leaf should be sprayed from the bottom to the top. Aphid control can be combined with physical control, using yellow boards to trap and kill.

7 Harvesting Technology

7.1 Maturity Identification

Different watermelon varieties have different growth periods. From the opening of the female flower to maturity, it takes 28-30 days for early-maturing varieties, 30-35 days for medium-maturing varieties, and 35-40 days for late-maturing varieties. The methods for judging watermelon maturity include visual inspection and marker methods. , Hand touch or pat method, specific gravity method, etc., the signs of moderate ripeness of watermelon are sweet taste, good color, good quality and juicy juice, less fiber, good variety. It should be mastered flexibly in production practice, and 2 to 3 melon can be picked before harvesting to detect maturity.

7.2 Harvest

The first is that scissors or knives should be used during harvesting, not by hand, so as not to sprain the vine. Second, when cutting vines, about 2 cm of fruit stalks should be left to facilitate the identification of the freshness of the watermelon through the dry state of the fruit stalks. At the same time, it can reduce the wound infection caused by harvesting and help extend the storage time. The third is that harvesting should be carried out in the morning or evening, and it should not be harvested at high temperature at noon. The fruit temperature is high, promoting fruit senescence and decay, and it should not be harvested on rainy days or when the rain has stopped. The fourth is to pay attention to the classification and packaging of fruits to maximize economic benefits.

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