Cabbage Greenhouse Floating Seedlings and Open Field Cultivation Techniques

The ball (BrassicaoleraceaL.var.capitataL for short) is a plant of the Brassicaceae and Brassica genus, which is a variant of Brassica oleracea (BrassicaoleraceaL.); Biennial herb, powdered cream, rich in protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and various traces Elements; Calmness, Sweetness, Spleen, Stomach Meridian; Can Replenish Bone Marrow, Run Organs, Benefit Heart, Strengthen Muscles and Bones, Sharpen Organs, Eliminate Qi, Clear Heat and Relieve Pain, Indicating Poor Sleep, Deafness, and Unfavorable Joint Flexion and Extension , Stomach pain and other diseases. Cabbage cabbage has the characteristics of cold resistance, disease resistance, strong adaptability, easy storage and transportation, high yield, good quality, etc. It is widely cultivated in Tengchong, with early, middle and late maturing varieties, arranged for seeding, and has been produced in four seasons. The annual balanced supply is one of the main vegetables in Tengchong. In recent years, due to the widespread occurrence of cruciferous vegetable root swollen diseases, the diseased field rate has reached 70% -80%, and the field diseased plant rate has reached 20% -30%, resulting in a decline in production and a reduction in farmers' income.

Floating seedling technology solves the soil carrier of cruciferous vegetable root swollen disease, shortens the seedling delay time after planting, speeds up root restoration, guarantees product quality, and improves commodity value. In June 2011, the successful attempt to plant 53hm² of purple and green cabbage floating seedlings was successful. The following is an introduction to floating seedling cultivation and open field cultivation techniques of cabbage cabbage.

1 floating seedlings

1.1 Variety selection

Excellent varieties are the basis for obtaining high-yield and high-quality agricultural products. Generally, green cabbage varieties such as leading cabbage, middle cabbage series, Jingfeng and Wanfeng with strong stress resistance, good yield and good comprehensive traits should be selected and purple cabbage varieties such as Zihui, Hongyun and Hongta.

1.2 Preparation before nursery

① Sterilization of nursery trays The nursery trays are made of polypropylene foam plastic trays, and the 200-hole nursery trays with a length × width × height of 66cm × 34cm × 7cm, and other specifications of nursery trays can also be used. Used nursery trays must be disinfected. Use 0.05% -0.1% potassium permanganate solution to soak the seedling tray for 4h. After disinfection, wash it with clean water.

② The membrane of the water bed for disinfection and fertilization of the nursery pond is a polyethylene black membrane, with a thickness of 0.08mm. Newly used may not be sterilized, but those that have been used must be sterilized with 30% bleach 1000 times solution. Flatten the disinfected water bed membrane in the nursery pond, fix it in the card slot with a snap spring, put clean water, the water is 7-10cm away from the edge of the pond. According to the amount of fertilizer applied per pond (kg) = water quality per pond kg) × use concentration (%), apply 0.1% concentration of special fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco (N: P2O5: K2O is 12:10:12), and stir evenly.

â‘¢Disinfect the seeds. Disinfect the selected varieties of seeds in the sun for 1-2 days. The coated seeds can be sown directly.

1.3 Selection of substrate and adding water

Use flue-cured tobacco floating seedling substrate. Before loading the tray, pour the substrate from the bag into piles, add water while stirring with a shovel, and strive for uniformity. From time to time, pinch the substrate. When the substrate can be held in a hand, it can be scattered when touched or scattered. .

1.4 Seeding

The floating seedling-planting seeding machine produced by Yunnan Mingze Tobacco Machinery Co., Ltd. can complete the loading, pressing and sowing at one time. During the machine sowing process, pay attention to pressing the hole roller and the seed cylinder from time to time to avoid uneven pressure holes and seeds blocking the seed hole. Spread the substrate evenly on the well-planted seedling plate, and scrape it flat. The substrate should completely cover the seeds to avoid the occurrence of spiral seedlings. Then, place the nursery tray in the nursery pond and arrange it neatly.

1.5 Seedling management

①Temperature and humidity management The temperature and light control system equipped in the greenhouse is used to control the temperature at about 25 ° C during the period from seeding to emergence, and the temperature is controlled at 20-25 ° C after emergence. At the same time, temperature, humidity and ventilation are controlled by opening the shading net, skylight and shed membrane on both sides. In case of continuous rain, poor moisture removal effect of the film and excessive humidity on the surface of the disk, a bamboo rack should be used to dry the seedlings in the nursery pond to increase the permeability of the surface of the disk and promote the normal growth of vegetable seedlings.

â‘¡ Between seedlings and supplementary seedlings to improve the seedling rate and time seedlings and supplementary seedlings. Cabbage seedlings emerge 3 days after sowing. When most of the seedlings have entered a small "cross period" (two true leaves and two cotyledons are in a "ten" period), multiple seedlings, spiral root seedlings, and weak seedlings should be removed in time. Keep a healthy seedling in each hole. When a lack of seedlings is found, carefully pull out the strong seedlings with thin bamboo pieces. Generally, seedlings and supplementary seedlings are carried out simultaneously.

③Disease prevention Although floating seedlings are carried out under strict hygienic conditions, for various reasons, the occurrence of diseases is inevitable. The diseases at the seedling stage mainly include cataplexy disease and stand-off disease. In the initial stage of the disease, 64% malaxe · manganese zinc wettable powder 500 times liquid or 58% nail cream · manganese zinc wettable powder 500 times liquid spray control.

2 Timed colonization

Cabbage is a shallow root crop that has high nutrient requirements. When the field is preparing the ground, turn over the fine rake deeply and apply the plantar fertilizer, apply 2,000-3000kg of rotten farm fertilizer per 667m², 20kg of urea, 40kg of common calcium, 10kg of potassium sulfate, 2kg of borax, and 1kg of zinc fertilizer and apply them in the field or soil moisture. High-moisture double-row cultivation, purple cabbage with large row spacing of 100cm, moist surface width of 50cm, ditch depth of 20-30cm; green cabbage with large row spacing of 90cm, moist surface width of 50cm, ditch depth of 20-30cm, use 50 for every 667m² after moistening the surface % Butachlor suspending agent 100mL sprayed 50kg of water on the surface of the soil to prevent weeds, then covered with plastic film.

The seedling age (from emergence to emergence) is about 20 days, when the seedling has 6-7 leaves, it can be planted. Transplanting on cloudy days or in the evening, 2 rows per mo, purple cabbage 30cm, plant spacing 30cm, about 4400 plants per 667m²; green cabbage 30cm row, plant distance 25cm, about 5900 plants per 667m²; achieve side transplanting While rooting water.

3 Management after planting

After planting and before harvest, topdressing should be performed 2-3 times, so that the front is light and the back is heavy. About 7 days after transplanting, apply 1000 kg of clear manure water or 5-7 kg of urea to the water every 667m² to make seedling fertilizer; once every 25 days, adjust fertilizer according to seedling condition;

667m² 30-35kg of urea is applied to the water; foliar fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate and plant extracts can be applied foliarly during the filling period. It is strictly prohibited to apply fertilizer 30 days before harvest.

4 Pest control

The pollution-free production of cabbage is to actively promote the use of bio-sourced pesticides in accordance with the standardized technical specifications of pollution-free vegetable production. It is based on agricultural prevention, combined with physical prevention and control, and uses pesticides scientifically and reasonably to ensure that cabbage is safe, high-quality, and pollution-free.

4.1 Agricultural control

Choose disease-resistant varieties; reasonable rotation; strictly deal with the residual roots and fallen leaves of the diseased plots. The residual roots and fallen leaves should never be used as feed or compost, and should be deeply buried or burned.

4.2 Physical control

Use frequency-vibration or solar insecticidal lamps, yellow boards, sex attractants and other traps to kill adults.

4.3 Medicament prevention

The main diseases of Tengchong cabbage are root swelling, downy mildew, soft, black rot, black spot disease, etc .; the main pests are aphids, diamondback moth, cabbage worm, Spodoptera litura, etc. Scientific and rational use of highly efficient, low-toxic and low-residue chemical pesticides is an important method for preventing cabbage diseases and pests. In the pollution-free production process of cabbage, the use of pesticides should be strictly in accordance with the number of uses, concentration and safety interval prescribed by the state, and used alternately.

5 Timely harvest

When the ball is solid and shiny, it is a sign of cabbage maturity and should be harvested in time. Especially in the rainy season, if the harvest is not timely, the leaf ball is easy to crack and rot, which affects the quality.

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