The annual pollution-free cultivation technology of Chinese cabbage

Chinese cabbage is not cabbage cabbage (Brassicacampestrisssp. Chinensis Makino), also known as cabbage, green cabbage, chicken feather cabbage. It is commonly known as rape in the north of China. It is native to China and is the most popular vegetable for the anniversary of people in southern provinces of China. In recent years, the demand for pakchoi in northern China has gradually increased [1-2]. Pakchoi has a short growth cycle and a large consumption, but it is not suitable for storage and is not suitable for long-distance transportation. It must rely on local production and supply. In the south, Chinese cabbage accounts for about 30% to 50% of the annual vegetable supply, and it is one of the vegetables in the planted area * throughout the year. The annual planting area of ​​Chinese cabbage in Ningbo area is 7734hm², with a cumulative total of 66,700hm². The annual production of Chinese cabbage has a very important role in ensuring the supply of vegetable baskets, as well as in disaster prevention and seed grabbing.

1 Production environment

The environment of the place of production should comply with the regulations of NY5010. Chinese cabbage is not suitable for continuous cropping. Onions, garlic, solanaceous fruits, melons, beans and corn can be used as the first crop. It is suitable to cultivate on loam or clay loam with high topography, convenient irrigation and drainage, low groundwater level, deep soil layer, rich in organic matter, strong water and fertility. In summer, it is advisable to use 20-25 mesh insect-proof net, greenhouse film and sunshade net to protect the protected ground facilities [3-5].

2 Cultivation season

There are many kinds of Chinese cabbage, with short growth cycle, which can be sown annually, harvested in time, and planted many times. Generally can be divided into autumn and winter cabbage, spring cabbage, summer cabbage 3 seasons.

3 Cultivation techniques

3.1 Variety selection

There are many varieties of pakchoi, including local varieties and selected varieties. Varieties should be selected according to different seasons, such as disease resistance, high quality, high yield and good commerciality, in line with the consumption habits of the target market. Choose cold-tolerant, well-waisted varieties in autumn and winter, such as 'Shanghai Qing', 'Dwarf Kangqing', 'Jinguan No. 1', 'New Zealand No. 2', and 'Black Oil Canister'; etc .; (Commonly known as chicken feather vegetable) or tender plant marketed, late-maturing, cold-resistant, bolting-resistant varieties should be used before sowing in late March, such as 'April slow', 'May slow', sowing after late March, mostly early maturing Cultivation of mid-mature autumn and winter Chinese cabbage varieties; summer cultivation should choose heat-resistant varieties, such as' Yongqing No. 1 ',' Kangqingqing ',' Kuanqing605 ',' Huawang ',' Sijige ',' Beautiful, 'Xiaguanwang', 'Degao 507', etc. The seed quality should meet the requirements of GBl6715.2.

3.2 Site preparation and fertilization

The land where small cabbages are planted should be deeply ploughed 1-2 times a year, generally plough 20-25 cm, and fully dry the soil or frozen soil. If it is not possible to freeze or dry the soil due to conditions, it is necessary to plough and dry the field for 7-10 days. About 1 week before planting, apply 1500-2500kg of rotten manure every 667m2, 8kg of diammonium phosphate and 10kg of potassium sulfate; Decayed manure and 20kg ternary compound fertilizer as base fertilizer. After mixing organic manure and chemical fertilizer, spread it into the soil. Finely prepare the border, the border width is 1.8m (with ditch), the height is 18-20cm, and the width is 30cm. The border surface is required to be flat and slightly curved to eliminate weeds and previous crops. Doing a good job of "three ditch" (border ditch, waist ditch, and Tianbian ditch) is conducive to drainage.

3.3 Sowing

Seeding should master uniform sowing and proper thinning. Spring cabbage and summer cabbage can be seeded at 400-600g per 667m2; or transplanted with seedlings, seeded at 150-200g per 667m2. Cabbage seedlings transplanted in autumn and winter at 150-200g per 667m2, ratio of seedbed to field It is 1: 8—1: 10. Pour enough water before sowing. Spread the seeds evenly when the surface water recedes. Cover the dry and fine soil with 0.8—1.0cm after sowing, or cover with shading net after sowing, wait for cotyledons Remove the shading net in time after excavation.

3.4 Colonization

The row spacing of the harvested adult plants is 20-25cm × 20-25cm, the semi-adult plant is 15-20cm × 13-15cm, the spring plant row spacing is 15cm square, and the pickled cabbage row spacing is 33cm × 33cm. In summer, planting should choose cloudy or sunny evening, and in winter choose sunny morning planting. The seedlings are planted while planting and root water is poured. The planting depth should be 2-3cm.

3.5 Field management

3.5.1 Seedling management It is difficult to emerge from drought in summer. Before the emergence, water is poured once a day to ensure the water supply at the seedling stage. When the bud first emerges, if the weather is hot and dry, it is necessary to pour joint water before and after the afternoon to keep the surface dry to prevent the buds from drying out. After emergence, the seedlings should be mastered and timed. The first seedling should be carried out when the seedlings begin to "pull cross". It should be early and not late. The seedlings that are too densely spaced 3-4cm apart. Twice seedlings, remove weak seedlings and diseased seedlings, the distance is 6-8cm. If the seedlings are strong, the distance can be thinner, thinner and denser, weeds are pulled out at the same time. Seedling growth standard: The plant height is 13-15cm and there are 4-5 true leaves.

3.5.2 Fertilizer and water management 1) Top dressing. On the basis of applying basic fertilizer, the top dressing is based on quick-acting fertilizer. To prevent nitrate accumulation, the number of top dressing should be less. With 3-4 true leaves, spray 440mL of 0.2% urea or amino acid foliar compound fertilizer every 667m² and dilute it by 200 times to the front and back of the leaves. After planting, the top-effect nitrogen fertilizer is applied 4-6 times in combination with watering, once every 5-7 days, from light to strong, and the total amount of topdressing fertilizer is urea 15-20kg per 667m². No human or animal fertilizers should be applied during the growth period, and no quick-acting fertilizers should be applied 7 days before harvest. 2) Water management. The Chinese cabbage grows vigorously under the environmental conditions where the relative humidity of the air is 80% -90% and the soil humidity is 70% -80%. The entire growing period requires sufficient water supply. After sowing, water should be timely to ensure that the seedlings are strong and strong. Water should be watered after planting or replanting to promote slow seedlings. Control the amount of watering according to the cultivation season. Due to the low temperature in the low-temperature season, less water should be poured and the time should be arranged around noon. Water demand is high in high-temperature seasons, and watering should be done frequently, preferably in the morning and evening. In case of storms and rainy seasons in Taiwan, we must pay attention to timely drainage and drainage. After the summer showers, rinse the mud on the leaves with clean water in time.

4 Prevention of pests and grass diseases

4.1 Pest control

4.1.1 Principles of prevention and control In accordance with the plant protection policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", priority is given to agricultural prevention, physical prevention and biological prevention, and reasonable use of chemical prevention.

4.1.2 For agricultural prevention and control, high-quality (tolerant) disease resistant varieties should be selected, and non-cruciferous crops should be rotated for 1-2 years to strengthen cultivation management, cultivate strong seedlings, scientifically fertilize, do a good job in garden cleaning, and timely drain after rain.

4.1.3 Physical and biological control In summer, a high-temperature stuffy shed is used to reduce pathogenic bacteria. Use physical and biological control measures such as insect nets, silver gray film, yellow boards, sex attractants, black light lamps, frequency vibration lamps, etc.

4.1.4 The application of chemical control pesticides should comply with the provisions of GB / T8321 and NY / T1276. Attention should be paid to the safety interval. Generally, spraying should be stopped 7-10 days before the harvest of Chinese cabbage (carbendazim requires stopping spraying 15 days before harvest).

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