An important condition for good seedlings is that they do not carry pests. Seedling disease not only affects the growth of vegetables, reduces yield, but also introduces pests and diseases into production sheds, causing a large number of diseases and insect pests during production, leading to an increase in the use of chemical pesticides and affecting the ecological environment and the quality and safety of agricultural products. Therefore, cultivating disease-free and robust seedlings is the first step in obtaining high-quality and high-yield vegetables, as well as the first step in green prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. What should be paid attention to in the early spring stubble of "pest-free" seedling cultivation?
1. Variety selection. In view of the severe damage to the local early spring stubble, choose disease-resistant varieties reasonably, such as tomato root-knot nematodes, which can be selected as Cyclamen, tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease, such as Zhefen 702, etc. Low, so choose low-temperature resistant, early maturing varieties.
2. Seed processing. To prevent seed-borne virus disease, it is recommended to soak the seeds with 10% trisodium phosphate solution or 0.2% potassium permanganate solution for 40 minutes, wash them with water, and then soak seeds to promote germination; soak the melon with 50% carbendazim 500 times solution Vegetable-like seeds for 60 minutes to control fusarium wilt.
3. Shed disinfection. The surface of the shed can be fumigated with horseradish fumigant, ozone or sulfur. Disinfection of seedbed soil can be done by drip irrigation with 20% horseradish water emulsion, or spraying the seedbed evenly with 30% oxacillin wettable powder 600 times or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times.
4. Nutrition soil preparation. The seedling soil is selected from sieved stubble garden soil and rotten organic fertilizer, mixed and mixed according to a ratio of 7: 3, and 0.5 to 1 kg of compound fertilizer is added per cubic meter. Use fully decomposed organic fertilizers as base fertilizers to prevent pathogenic bacteria from being brought into the soil or burn seedlings.
5. Grafting. In order to reduce the harm of soil-borne diseases and increase yield, grafted seedlings can be used for vegetables such as cucumber and eggplant.
6. Temperature and humidity control. If long-term low temperature and weak light weather occurs, heating measures should be taken in the nursery to prevent cold or frost damage. Floor heating lines can be laid to properly raise the ground temperature, promote seed germination, and reduce the incidence of diseases such as sudden fall. After the seedlings are unearthed, control watering, release the wind in time, reduce the humidity of the seedbed, and create temperature and humidity conditions suitable for the growth and development of the seedlings.
7. Dividing seedlings. Select seedlings in the morning on a sunny day, try to avoid root injury, and choose disease-free and strong seedlings, and eliminate weak, diseased and deformed seedlings. Move the nutrition bowl or plug tray 5 to 7 days before planting to suppress the growth of seedlings. By removing the cover and increasing ventilation, gradually lower the temperature in the shed and perform low temperature refining.
8. Pest and disease prevention. Seedling sheds should be covered with insect-proof nets of more than 50 meshes, and yellow boards should be hung to prevent small pests such as whitefly and aphids; spraying with alginin, plant immune protein and other inducers to promote growth and enhance disease resistance of seedlings.
9. Precautions before going out to the shed. In order to ensure that the vegetable seedlings are free of pests and diseases, Pythium oligandrum, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma are used to dip roots or irrigate roots to prevent soil-borne diseases and enhance their resistance to pests and diseases; Bactericidal and insecticides undergo a careful spray prevention.
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