First, July to August
1. Soil disinfection and application of organic fertilizer. Use solar energy to disinfect the soil, apply 2000 kg of farmer's fertilizer per mu, and spray the soil with 48% of the 800% solution. After plowing, seal with the film for 7 to 10 days to kill the underground pests. After peeling off the film, add 100 kg of cake fertilizer, 30-40 kg of superphosphate and 30 kg of 45% NPK compound fertilizer. The amount of base fertilizer accounts for 70% of the total fertilization amount.
2. Prepare the land. After the soil is disinfected, it is ploughed, flattened and ridged. Generally, the ridge height is 30 cm, the ridge surface is 45-50 cm wide, the ridge bottom is 55-60 cm wide, and the bottom of the ditch is 30 cm wide.
Second, September
1. Colonization. The planting time is in the middle of September. Planting 2 rows per raft, "triangle" planting, row spacing 25 ~ 30 cm, plant spacing 15 ~ 20 cm. The density is determined according to the growth potential of the variety, and generally 6000 to 8000 plants are planted per acre. When planting seedlings, the old leaves, diseased leaves and stolons should be removed, leaving 3 leaves and 1 heart. When planting, the arch back is required to face the outside (ditch). The depth of planting is appropriate, so that it is not deeply buried, and it is not exposed.
2. Management after planting. After planting, the root water is filled, and then the water is poured 1 or 2 times a day to prevent drought until the seedlings survive. After returning to the flower bud differentiation stage, it is necessary to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, control water and control nitrogen, and prevent the growth of seedlings. 10 to 15 kg of NPK compound fertilizer per acre (the first time after the seedlings survived the loose soil, the second time before the film is covered) to promote flower bud differentiation. In addition, we must continue to do a good job in weeding and weeding, and control pests and diseases.
Third, October to November
1. Cover the shed film and the mulch film. When the nighttime temperature drops to around 8 °C, the insulation will begin. From late October to early November, it will be suitable for greenhouse cultivation in greenhouses (the shed is suitable for the period). Premature insulation, high indoor temperature is not conducive to the differentiation of alfalfa flower buds; too late, plant dormancy, resulting in dwarfing of plants, adverse to normal results. The greenhouse film is preferably EVA film and multi-functional film. When the greenhouse temperature is lower than 5 °C at night, multi-layer cover insulation is implemented. After the greenhouse film is covered, the mulch film is generally covered after the top dressing in the seedling stage (mid-November). First, a micro-dropper or a hose is placed on the enamel surface to cover the mulch film. The mulch is preferably 0.03 to 0.05 mm black opaque polyethylene film. .
2. Shed indoor management
(1) Temperature and humidity management. In the initial stage of heat preservation, the daytime temperature is generally controlled at 28 °C to 30 °C; the nighttime temperature is controlled at 12 °C to 15 °C, and the minimum temperature is not lower than 8 °C; the indoor humidity is controlled at 85% to 90%. Flowering period, generally controlled at 22 °C ~ 25 °C during the day, the maximum can not exceed 28 °C, too high or too low temperature is not conducive to pollination and fertilization; night temperature is about 10 °C, the lowest can not be lower than 8 °C, night temperature exceeds 13C, bud flower buds degenerate, male and female stamen development blocked; indoor humidity is maintained at 50% to 60%, too much humidity will cause poor pollination, so even in the cold winter, during the day to use the high temperature at noon, expose The membrane is ventilated to reduce the humidity in the shed.
(2) Fertilizer and water management. After the strawberry sheds in the greenhouse, it is in the flower bud development period, and then the buds, flowers and results are soon formed. After the top inflorescence is harvested, the inflorescences are inoculated and flowered, and the burden on the plants is heavy. If not fertilized in time, it is easy to express premature aging. Topdressing should be carried out at least 4 times, respectively, before flowering, fruit expansion, lateral inflorescence, and lateral inflorescence. The application of 45% NPK fertilizer per acre is 10-15 kg, and every 7-10 Spray 0.3% urea plus 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate liquid fertilizer on Tianye surface.
The humidity in the shed is very large, which is easy to give the illusion that there is no shortage of water. Generally, the water is watered once before the heat preservation and before the mulch film. Afterwards, the top dressing is combined with the top dressing or the water is properly hydrated in the morning if the edge of the new leaves does not spit. Strawberries in greenhouses are especially suitable for drip irrigation. Special attention should be paid to keeping the soil moist during fruit development.
(3) Spray gibberellin. After the cultivation is started, the first gibberellin treatment is carried out when two new leaves are released and the buds are 30%, so as to promote the elongation of the flower stalk, which is beneficial to pollination and fertilization. Each plant is sprayed on the seedlings with 3 to 5 ml/kg or 5 to 8 mg/kg gibberellin. After 7 days, the inflorescence elongation was treated once more.
(4) Plant finishing. During the growing period, each strawberry leaves should be kept 8 to 10 pieces. Generally, in addition to the main buds, 1 to 2 side buds are retained, and too many lateral buds should be removed early. Diseased leaves, old leaves and stolons should be stripped in time to ensure that the nutrients are concentrated in the supply of fruit. During the young fruit period, appropriate fruit thinning is carried out, and the young fruit above the fourth inflorescence of each inflorescence is removed, mainly for fruit, small fruit and deformed fruit. In the end, the first inflorescence leaves 12 to 15 fruits, and the second inflorescence leaves 8 to 10 fruits, and each plant retains 20 to 25 fruits.
(5) Strengthen pest and disease prevention and control. In this period, the temperature in the shed is high and the humidity is high. Powdery mildew, gray mold, anthracnose, etc. are prone to occur, and prevention and control should be strengthened. It can be fumigated with sulfur yellow fumigant (50g sulfur in 180 square meters) every night, or with 4 pieces of 180 square meters with "one smoked spirit" smoker; or 800g with 100% for 800g Double liquid spray control. The main pests are aphids, mites, etc., which can be trapped by yellow attractant rubber sheets; or sprayed with 10% avidin 1500 times solution and 10% imidacloprid 3000 times solution; 48% lesben 800 times solution for underground pests Prevention and treatment.
(6) Put a bee pollination. In the late November, the flowering period is entered, and a box of bees is released in each standard shed (30 meters and 6 meters) to increase the pollination rate of strawberry flowers and reduce the production of deformed fruit. A common method of artificial pollination is to gently smear in the open flower center with a soft brush, or use a fine ranunculus to smear on the inflorescence at the flowering stage.
(7) Apply carbon dioxide fertilizer. Conditional carbon dioxide fertilization can be applied to the strawberry plants in mid-November with carbon dioxide granules. Applying 50 kg per acre can obviously enhance the resistance of plants and increase the yield.
Fourth, December
1. Temperature and humidity management. During fruit enlargement and maturity, the daytime temperature is controlled at 20 °C ~ 25 °C, at night is above 5 °C; the humidity can be controlled at 60% ~ 70%. When the temperature is too high, the fruit develops fast and matures early, but the fruit becomes smaller and the value of the commodity decreases.
2. Timely harvesting. Promote cultivation Generally, fruit ripening in mid-December, it is necessary to timely harvest and market, and at the same time strengthen plant management to prevent premature senescence of plants. After harvesting the fruit in the early stage, the fruit stalk and the old leaves should be removed in time to improve the fruit yield and quality in the later period.
Five, the first year of January to February
1. Strawberry harvesting. When the fruit is ripe, it can be harvested, stored and transported in time, and the greenhouse is kept warm so that the daytime temperature is above 22 °C and the nighttime temperature is not lower than 8 °C.
2. Plant management. Cut off the yellow leaves, diseased leaves, and senescent leaves. In order to prevent the disease epidemic, it can be sprayed 25% to make 100 times of 100 grams of liquid or 5% of anti-lingual 400 times solution.
Sixth, March to April
Continue to fruit harvesting and listing. Generally, the amount of air is increased at noon. At this time, a smoked smoked agent or 3% diniconol is used in 2000 to 3000 times to prevent disease. Remove the cold-proof material, remove the dead vines and rotten leaves remaining in the cockroaches, and burn them in a concentrated manner or stack them to prevent the spread of pests and diseases.
Seven, the following year from May to June
After the fruit is harvested, the robust plants that are free of pests and diseases are used as the mother plants for seedlings.
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