1 reasonable planting
1.1 Soil selection
For the cultivation of golden pears, sand loam or loam with deep soil layer, fertile soil, rich organic matter, good drainage and drainage and pH between 5.0 and 8.5 should be selected.
1.2 Planting density
The planting density of the golden pear plant spacing is 2m3m, 3m1m, 2m1m, 2.0m0.7m, 1.5m0.7m.
1.3 Reasonable allocation of pollination trees
The best pollination tree varieties are emeralds, water, etc., and can be arranged in 1:3-8 when planting golden pears.
1.4 Planting period and method
Planting period: It can be planted from September to March of the second year, and it is best planted in October-November.
Before planting, it is required to excavate the planting ditch with a depth of 1m and a width of more than 45t/hm2. After mixing the appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer, apply it to the bottom of the hole and cover the soil and plant the golden pear.
Golden pears should choose strong seedlings with no roots and diseases, no mechanical damage, watering after planting, and transforming the soil with the application of base fertilizer every year.
2 fertilizer management
2.1 Moderate fertilization
After the autumn fall leaves, combined with deep doubling, a sufficient amount of high-quality base fertilizer 30t/hm2 is applied. The first time is applied with nitrogen fertilizer before germination; the second time is multi-component fertilizer before flowering to flower bud differentiation; 3 times in the fruit expansion period with potassium fertilizer, combined with the application of appropriate phosphate fertilizer;
The first application of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is in May of each year, with 0.3% urea liquid as the main stage, 0.2%~0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the later stage, and no or no base fertilizer in autumn.
2.2 timely watering
Combined with fertilization and watering for 3~4 times, the watering time is before germination and flowering, long-term new shoot speed, fruit harvesting and soil freezing.
3 plastic trim
3.1 free spindle trimming
At a planting density of 2 m3 m or 3 m1 m, a free spindle shape is preferred.
In the year of planting, 70~80cm was set to dry, and 3~4 buds with appropriate spacing and about 10cm spacing were selected under the cut to make eye damage, and the germinated shoots on the main branch were slowly released.
3.2 trunk trimming
In the planting garden of 2m1m, 2.0m0.7m and 1.5m0.7m, one pillar is set after seedling planting.
In the early spring of the first year of germination, all the seedlings will be straightened flat, and when the branches are 15~20cm long, the seedlings will be righted up.
When the new shoot grows to 20cm, leave 7~8 side branch results.
3.3 winter shears
Cut off erect, overly dense branches, long branches and pests, ineffective branches, and more auxiliary branches.
4 promote flowers and promote fruit
4.1 smear, topping
When the new shoots are up to 30cm, the toppings are repeated; in the beginning of June, the new shoots are twisted at the time of semi-lignification. At the end of the month, spraying 0.8~1.0g/L 15% paclobutraz or spraying PBO 250 times in the first half of June and early August is beneficial. Golden pears are high-yield.
4.2 Flowering, artificial pollination
When the flower bud is just sprouting, spray 0.3% urea + 0.2% borax;
Most of the fruit was sprayed once every 5d and 15d after flowering;
1 g/L of 15% paclobutrazol was sprayed once every 3 weeks after flowering, and artificial pollination was required.
4.3 Thinning results
The inflorescence separation period and the initial flowering period were carried out in time, and one inflorescence was left at intervals of 20 cm.
The fruit thinning is completed within 25 days after flowering, and one fruit is left at intervals of 20 cm.
5 pest control
Pests and diseases: The main pests and diseases of golden pears include pear powdery mildew, ring rot and rust, aphids, pear hibiscus, pear big heartworm and pear stem bee.
Pest control: combined with winter pruning, cut off diseased branches, insect branches, and spray 3~5B stone sulphur mixture Qingyuan to kill wintering bacteria; spring from mid-March to early April to spray 20% eucalyptus 2000 times liquid, prevention Aphids; sprayed 50% carbendazim WP 600 times solution + 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 800 times solution from late April to early May to control pears and heartworms, pear stem bees, etc.; Bordeaux mixture +12.5% ​​diniconazole wettable powder 1500 times liquid + 10% cypermethrin lactic acid oil 2000 times liquid, control pear black spot disease, powdery mildew, rust and the like.
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