Release date: 2016-05-09
According to a report by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) local time on May 4th, recently, an unmanned robot has just proved that it can perform soft tissue surgery and successfully suture the intestines of two pigs. This marks a further step forward in the science of surgical automation.
Unlike the existing machines, this time the Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot (STAR) is self-controlled and does not need to be guided by a surgeon's hand.
According to the scientific translational medicine report, in the pig experiment, it can at least supplement the matching training doctor to cut the intestine, but whether the robot's operation method can be used on the human body is still in the early stage and remains to be observed.
Unreliable experimental goal
Robotic surgery is not new. Hospitals in the United Kingdom and the United States have used robotic assistants to help reduce the incidence of tumors such as prostate cancer. These robotic devices, such as the DaVinci system, are a tool for expanding the surgeon's work, allowing operators to target better targets and more skilled tools to do the job.
But scientists are now working to create a new generation of robots that can work independently, despite close supervision to eliminate errors. In theory, the medical team can sit behind and watch the performance of the machine, and only participate if necessary. Robots are best suited for repetitive, predictable work. However, it is extremely challenging to have them soften the soft tissue in the body. Dr. Peter Kim of the Children's Medical Center in Washington and his colleagues say they have found a way for their Intelligent Tissue Automated Robot (STAR) to overcome this.
Fancy sewing machine
The STAR robot "reads" the fluorescent markers in the soft tissue to accurately know the stitches on the moving target. Like a normal sewing machine, it can be programmed with factors such as needle size, pattern and tension, and is more precise than a skilled mechanic positioning the pig's intestine.
Dr. Kim said: "Assume that humans have performed 20 operations, 19 of which have done well, but the last time there may be complications."
"This machine will always stitch 20 times perfectly."
This is not to say that the robot is reliable.
In the experiment, live animal experiments were performed on tissue samples in the operating room and laboratory. Scientists must supervise the robot and adjust it to about 40% of the time.
Dr. Kim said: "These are small adjustments, much like when you see your little baby starting to walk, we are a bit nervous to make sure it's the right way."
"It can do the tasks we want to do completely autonomously."
He hopes that robots like this can reduce surgical errors, improve surgical outcomes, and save more lives.
Shafi Ahmed of the Royal Irish Academy of Surgeons said that this is a radical measure to try to replace a surgeon with a machine, but in some cases it is not necessarily bad.
"Everyone makes mistakes. We have emotions, we are very tired, and robots are objective.
"We need to ask if the machine will do better when doing surgery.
“Obviously, there are moral and trust issues. When can you trust robots? This research shows that robots can do quite complex processes.â€
Dr. Kim said that this technology can be used for patients in the next few years. One day, a new generation of robots may perform surgery such as gallbladder or appendectomy on their own.
Source: BBC News online
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