Fertilization also has a university question. Different fertilizers have different physical and chemical properties. When applying, it is necessary to combine the land environment and crop growth. Using the wrong fertilizer will not only reduce the crop yield, but also pollute the environment. This article summarizes how to improve crop fertilization efficiency and common misunderstandings of fertilization. I hope to help the farmers and hope to have a good harvest this year!
How to improve the efficiency of crop fertilization?
(1) Appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer in places with good light conditions to promote vegetative growth and reproductive growth of crops; in places with poor light conditions, less nitrogen fertilizer should be applied to prevent crops from being late and ripe.
(2) When the light is strong, apply fertilizer deep to prevent photolysis and volatilization, and apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to improve water utilization.
(3) Foliar fertilizer should be added as the leaf area factor of the crop increases, but should be applied in the morning and after 4 pm to reduce losses.
(4) In the rainy season, no excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied, one for preventing crops from madness; one for preventing fertilizer loss; and three for preventing pollution of water sources.
(5) In the case of drought and little rain, appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied. Increasing the application of potassium fertilizer can improve the drought resistance. Increasing the application of phosphate fertilizer can improve the utilization of water and play the role of phosphorus and nitrogen.
(6) In the operation method, it should be noted that when the soil moisture content is high, it is recommended to apply heavy fertilizer lightly, that is, the fertilizer concentration is higher, but the dosage should be less, and it should be kept at a certain distance from the crop plants. When the weather is dry, it is advisable to re-apply light fertilizer, or to reduce the amount of water and increase the number of watering.
What are the common mistakes in applying fertilizer?
(1) Diammonium phosphate is applied with water. After the application of diammonium phosphate with water, it is easy to make the loss of nitrogen in the moon. Phosphorus only stays on the surface and is not easily sent to the roots of the crop.
(2) The surface application of ammonium bicarbonate is shallow, and the covering soil is not tight, resulting in low fertilizer utilization.
(3) Water is sprayed immediately after the application of urea. Urea is easily soluble in water, and water is immediately poured after the soil surface is applied. It is easy to make urea lose with water and reduce fertilizer efficiency. The correct way is to apply urea early, deep application and root application. The urea to be applied should be thoroughly mixed with the soil to prevent burning of the roots. After the application, the soil should be tightly covered, and the crops with large row spacing can be applied deep. Watering after 5-7 days, it will have enough time in the soil to fully ammoniaize to facilitate crop absorption. In addition, a 0.3% urea solution can be used for foliar application.
(4) Direct dressing of superphosphate. Superphosphate contains 3.50-/0-5% free acid, which is highly corrosive. If it is directly mixed with superphosphate, it can easily corrode the seeds and reduce the seed germination rate and emergence rate.
(5) Organic fertilizer drying and preparation. The drying of human and feces can cause the maggots to multiply and lose the nitrogen nutrients of the fertilizer. The correct way is to use the organic fertilizer to be used as a base fertilizer. For example, in the late July, 4000 kg of human feces or chicken manure will be added to the sun, 100 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate will be added, 400 kg of wheat straw will be mixed, and the pile will be piled into a steamed bun. Stacked with plastic film for 30 days.
(6) Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus fertilizers are used as basic fertilizers in alkaline soils. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus fertilizers are weakly acidic fertilizers, insoluble in water. Under weak acid conditions, they can be gradually converted into water-soluble phosphates and absorbed by crop roots. However, it is not suitable for application on alkaline soils, which can not solve the need for phosphorus in crop seedlings. Causes physiological phosphorus deficiency. The correct way is to use it in acidic soil, and it should not be used too much when used as seed fertilizer or root, and pay attention not to contact with seeds directly, so as not to cause burning seedlings.
(7) The superphosphate is applied as a top dressing. Phosphorus moves in the soil in the range of 1-3 cm, and it is difficult to transport it to the crop rhizosphere. The correct approach is to concentrate the superphosphate on the root layer and use it as a base fertilizer to reduce contact with the soil. You can open a 8 cm deep ditch in the transplanting plant, sprinkle the soil with 4-5 cm after spraying the phosphate fertilizer, and then sow or transplant the crop in the shallow ditch.
How to prevent misunderstandings in the application of chemical fertilizers?
Some farmers in the fertilization of crops, due to improper use of fertilizer, poor technology, resulting in low utilization of materials, increased cost of fertilizer, and even crop damage caused by reduced crops.
One of the misunderstandings: calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer for topdressing. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus fertilizers are not easy to dissolve in water, and the fertilizer efficiency is slow. For topdressing, especially after the mid-term of crop growth, the utilization rate is low and the effect is poor.
The correct application method is: calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer can only be used as a combination of base fertilizer and organic fertilizer, and it is also good for seed dressing.
Misunderstanding 2: Mixed application of zinc fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer. Due to the serious "antagonism" between zinc and phosphorus, such as the combination of zinc sulphate and superphosphate, the effect of zinc sulphate can be inhibited to a large extent, and its effectiveness is reduced.
The correct application method is: zinc fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer should be applied separately, phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer and zinc fertilizer as seed fertilizer, which can improve the fertilizer efficiency of phosphorus and zinc fertilizer.
Misunderstanding 3: Cool water dissolves borax spray. Since the borax dissolves in the cold water, "recrystallization" will occur soon, causing the borax solution to precipitate and lose the fertilizer effect.
Correct application method: first put the boron fertilizer into the thermos bottle, add boiling water to dissolve, cover the bottle stopper to the field, and then cool the water to the required concentration, the effect will be greatly improved.
This article URL: Attention! The fertilization method you are holding is probably the wrong way to explain the correct fertilization method.
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