The quality of apple color development is the result of a combination of various factors. There are mainly the following aspects:
Weather factors
Apples are more like cold trees, and the temperature has a great influence on the coloration of apples. Apples were negatively correlated with the anthocyanin content 2 to 3 weeks before harvest. Low temperature enhanced the anthocyanin synthesis. Under normal circumstances, a lower average night temperature and a larger temperature difference between day and night are beneficial to fruit coloration. For most mid-to-late-maturing varieties, a temperature difference greater than 10°C is necessary during this period. Illumination is also an important external condition for apple coloring. Insufficient light and shade can affect fruit coloration. Experiments show that the refractive light projection rate is positively correlated with the fruit coloring index.
Variety factors
The color of an apple varies depending on the variety and species, which is determined by its heredity. Therefore, Fuji apple is a hard-to-color variety in terms of its coloration and coloring.
Tree nutrition
Accumulation of tree nutrients is also associated with coloration, and sugar accumulation is the basis for coloration. Fruits with high coloration showed high soluble solids, such as fruits with less than 40% coloration, soluble solids content of 11.55%, fruit coloration of more than 78%, and soluble solids content of 14.75%.
Fertilizer type
Different mineral nutrients also have a significant effect on the coloring of apples. For example, when the nitrogen content of leaves of Fuji apple trees is less than 2.5% in July, the petiole is green, which affects the accumulation of sugar and thus affects the coloration of fruits. When leaf nitrogen is about 2%, the petiole is purple and the fruit is well colored. Tests have shown that when potassium is lacking in fruit trees, adding potassium fertilizer is beneficial to coloring. When there is no shortage of potassium, potassium fertilizer is used instead of coloring.
Tree leaf
Pruning is not in place, the structure of the tree is unreasonable, the branches of the tree crown are dense, the peripheral branches are too thick, and the leaf curtain layer is too thick, causing self-shadowing. The lack of light in the canopy of the tree crown affects the normal coloring of the fruit. For example, most red Fuji apples are characterized by fruit bathing and must be lighted directly to color.
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