Feeding management of pregnant cows
The quality of feeding and management of cows during pregnancy determines the health of cows and yaks, the level of milk produced by cows and the speed at which calves develop. During pregnancy, the heart and blood vessels of the cow have certain hypertrophy, the pulse speeds up, and the function of the pituitary gland, adrenal glands, and thyroid glands are strengthened, which increases the content of components in the blood. The metabolic characteristics of pregnant cows are that the process of assimilation exceeds the dissimilation process, and a certain amount of organic substances and inorganic substances are deposited in animals. However, in the first half of pregnancy, the metabolic energy of the body did not increase; during the first quarter of pregnancy, the metabolic intensity increased by 20 to 40%. With the increase of the total metabolic rate, the metabolism of protein and minerals is stronger.
During pregnancy and late in pregnancy, the weight of the cow increases because of the growth of the fetus, the enlarged uterus, and the deposition of nutrients in the cow. If there is a lack of minerals in the diet, the animal will stop the deposition of minerals, which will not only adversely affect the development of the fetus during pregnancy, but will also affect the growth and development of the postpartum calf.
Pregnancy should increase the supply of crude protein. Because 70% of the fetal dry matter is composed of crude protein. The supply of sufficient vitamin A and vitamin D in the cow diet has a great influence on the development and metabolism of the fetus. The lack of carotene can cause miscarriage, poor retention of placenta, and weak calves. If the cow is pregnant in winter, the amount of carotene is not less than 70-80 mg/100 kg body weight, and vitamin D 0.2-0.25 million IU/100 kg body weight.
The total feeding level of pregnant cows depends on their health status and expected production levels. For pre-natal bred cows and dry cows should have a good body condition. During the dry period, the body of the cow increases by an important 10-12% and the daily gain is 800-900g. The good feeding of pregnant cows has a great influence on the composition of postpartum colostrum, and it also indirectly affects the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases in newborn calves.
Legume hay and high quality silage are the main roughage for pregnant dry cows. You can also feed a small amount of good quality hay. The daily amount is 8 - 10 kg of high quality hay, 10 - 15 kg of juicy feed (of which high-quality silage accounts for about 1/2), mixed fine material 3-4 kg. Prenatal 2 - 3 days to increase wheat bran and other "light diarrhea" feed.
Careful management of the cows before and after childbirth. Pre-production cows should have good sensation in order to meet postpartum energy and protein needs. In the later stages of pregnancy, it is forbidden to feed on rotten spoilage and frozen feeds, and not to drink water and ice to prevent crushing and slipping. The cattle shop should not be oversized. Care must be taken during the first few days of childbirth and on duty to prepare for midwifery and confinement. After calving, the cow should be fed warm bran water and a small amount of salt is added to supplement the water and increase the abdominal pressure. Within 1 week postpartum, the cow's reproductive and digestive function were not restored, and the amount of concentrate should not be too much, and 5-7 days can be fed according to normal needs.
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