The technology includes in-situ land preparation, seed selection, sowing, field management, harvesting and processing methods of indigo (Indigo) cultivation. It is suitable for the cultivation and harvesting process of indigo (banlangen) in the northern region.
1. Requirements for planting environment
Indigo has a strong adaptability to the climate. It is warm, cold-resistant and afraid of water. The soil requirements are not strict, generally sandy soil or slightly alkaline soil can be planted, the soil of pH 6.5 ~ 8 can adapt. It is a deep-rooted medicinal plant with a main root length of 40-50 cm. Therefore, it should be planted with sandy ground loam or river alluvial soil with low groundwater level, good drainage, loose and fertile soil. Poor sand, over-adhesive, low-lying growth, easy to fork, not suitable for planting.
2. Planting mode
Single work and intercropping, intercropping, rotation, wheat smashing, avoiding continuous cropping.
3. Soil cultivation and land preparation
[Base Fertilizer] 4000 kg of fermented manure per acre, 50 kg of superphosphate, 30 kg of potassium sulfate, and 20 kg of urea.
[Soil preparation] Apply enough base fertilizer, deep turn 30 cm, ploughing and smashing, breaking the clods, then making sputum, the north should be flat, the south can be used as sorghum, easy to drain, 畦 wide 1.5~1.8 m, 畦 high 20 ~ 30 cm, the working track is 30 cm wide, and the drainage ditch is made around.
4. Seeding
[Seed treatment] Before sowing, the seeds are treated, soaked in warm water of 40 degrees for 24 hours, removed, and the surface layer is dried to be sown.
[Sowing period and sowing amount] Spring sowing in April, summer sowing from late May to early June. The amount of seed used per mu is generally 3 kg.
[Sowing method and quality requirements] Screening of seeds with full and no pests and diseases before sowing. When planting, the row spacing is 40 cm on the raking surface, the depth of the groove is not more than 1 cm, and the seeds are evenly scattered in the ditch. After the soil is watered, the ground can be firstly sown, and the soil is sown.
5. Field management
[Miaoling and Dingmiao] Seedlings are planted 5-7 days after sowing. When the seedlings grow to 7-10 cm, the seedlings are planted. When the seedling height is 12 cm, the seedlings are fixed at a distance of 10 cm, and one seedling is left. According to the experience of Anguo, it can also be a seedling.
[Cultivating and weeding] The first cultivating and weeding is carried out 10 days after emergence, and once every 15-20 days after the emergence, the plants are stopped after the closure.
[Topdressing] Combined with cultivating and weeding for the first top dressing, 20-25 kg of urea per mu, and then applying fertilizer once in mid-August, applying about 30 kg of urea per mu. You can cut the green leaves 3-4 times a year, and cut the leaves more than 2 cm from the ground. Do not cut and cut the reeds.
[Irrigation and Drainage] When the weather is dry, it is necessary to top dress and water, especially after cutting the leaves, and to clear the ditch after rain.
6, pest control
[disease]
White rust: This disease mainly affects the leaves of cruciferous plants. Small green spots appeared on the surface of the diseased leaves, and after the lesions ruptured, white powder was scattered.
Control methods: (1) rational close planting, strengthen water and fertilizer management, reduce field humidity, improve plant disease resistance; (2) clean pastoral; (3) use 50% pink rust 400-600 times liquid spray control at the beginning of the disease, 7 to 10 days Once, 2 to 3 times in a row.
Downy mildew: It originated from March to April, especially in the spring and summer mildew rain season, which mainly affected the petiole and leaves. In the early stage of the disease, yellow-white lesions were produced on the leaves, and lesions like thick cream appeared on the back of the leaves. As the disease progresses, the leaves turn yellow and eventually brown and dry, causing the plants to die.
Control methods: (1) Discover the diseased plants, remove them in time, concentrate them to burn or bury them deeply; (2) Spray 40% of Ethyl-phosphorus-aluminum 200-300 times solution at the beginning of the disease, once every 7 to 10 days, consecutively 2 to 3 times .
Root rot: In the early stage of the disease, 70% methyl hopping WP 1500 times liquid leaching point was used, and the diseased plant was removed.
[Pest]
Cabbage butterfly: partial eclipse cruciferous plants, when the pests are serious, the leaves can be eaten, leaving only the veins and petioles, which seriously affects the yield and quality. In May, the leaves were damaged, and the incidence was severe from June to July.
Control methods: (1) remove the residual diseased leaves in the field and reduce the source of insects; (2) can be sprayed with 90% trichlorfon 800 times liquid for 2 consecutive times.
Myzus persicae and turnips: mainly damage cruciferous plants. After the plants are damaged, they are seriously dehydrated and curled, twisted and turned yellow. Indigo generally harms the flower buds that have just been taken in the spring, causing the flower buds to shrink and not flower, affecting seed yield.
Control method: It can be sprayed with 40% dimethoate emulsion 2000 times liquid, and the control effect is good.
7. Seed production
[Gene resources] Indica Isatis in, digotica Fort. Cruciferae Tric. Lepidieae Indica Isatis biennial herb, native to China, cultivated all over the country.
[Establishment and management of seed (seedling) field] In the second year, the flowering selection is robust and disease-free, and the roots of the roots are not forked for rooting. The roots are transplanted to make them twitch and flower.
[Collection and storage of seeds (seedlings)] During the flowering period from April to May, the fruits mature from May to June, and then the mature seeds are collected, dried and threshed, and stored in a dry and ventilated place.
[Seed quality standard]
Traits: Indigo seeds are long elliptical, 3.2-3.8mm long, 1.0-1.2mm wide, yellow-brown on the surface, with a small cussed seed stalk at the base, each with a distinct longitudinal groove: 肧 curved, yellow The roots are cylindrical and the cotyledons are 2, leaning against the roots. Full of light, no mildew.
Seed characteristics and lifespan: Seeds are easy to germinate, germination is good in the range of 15 ~ 30 °C, and the germination rate is generally above 80%. Seed life is 1 to 2 years.
8. Harvesting and processing
Daqingye: Spring seeding board supervised the roots, before harvesting, can harvest 2-3 leaves, the first time in mid-June, when the height is about 20 cm, leave 2-3 cm to facilitate the new leaves; The second time in late August, Futian high temperature season should not be harvested, so as not to cause death. The harvested leaves are dried and served as a medicinal green leaf.
Banlangen: It should be harvested on sunny days before entering the winter. When digging, be sure to plan the depth to prevent the roots from being cut off. After the soil is started, go to the soil and stems and leaves, spread it to 70% or 80%, tie it into small bundles, and then dry until it is completely dry.
Production: Banlangen dry goods 200 ~ 250 kg / mu. Daqingye 150-200 kg/mu.
[Specification level]
The current Banlangen specification grade standard is:
First class: dry goods. The root is cylindrical, the head is slightly larger, the middle is concave. There are stalk marks on the sides, and occasional branches. It is solid and brittle. The surface is grayish yellow or light brown with longitudinal wrinkles. The outside of the section is yellowish white. The center is yellow. The gas is slight, the taste is slightly sweet and then bitter. It is 17cm long and has a diameter of 1cm or more at 2cm below the reed. No seedling stems, fibrous roots, impurities, insects, mildew.
Second class: dry goods. The root is cylindrical, the head is slightly larger, the middle is concave, there are stalk marks on the sides, and occasional branches. It is solid and brittle. The surface is grayish yellow or light brown. There are longitudinal wrinkles. The outside of the section is yellowish white with a yellow center. The gas is slight, the taste is slightly sweet and then bitter. The diameter of the reed is 0.5cm or more. No seedling stems, fibrous roots, impurities, insects, mildew.
The current Daqingye specification grade standard is:
All kinds of Daqingye products are not classified, they are all goods. It is better to have large leaves, less broken, clean, dark green, and no mold.
ã€Packing and Storage】
Wrap in sacks or woven bags. Generally stored in a dry and ventilated place, the suitable temperature is below 28 ° C, relative humidity is 65% ~ 75%. The safe water content of the commodity is 11% to 13%. It is susceptible to insects, moisture, mildew, oil, discoloration, odor, moisture absorption and softening. White or green mildew spots are prone to appear at both ends and fold sections;
The oil-in-oil section has a deeper color, overflowing oil, and the smell is lost. Hazardous worms mainly include black fur mites, tinea skin mites, saw helmets, long-headed Helmets, medicinal materials, tobacco A, pink spotted hawksbill, Indian glutinous rice glutinous rice and so on. Pupils and worms can be seen on the surface of the product, and empty shells are left in serious cases. During the period, it should be checked regularly, and it is found that there is mildew, insects should be aired in time or fumigation with methyl bromide or aluminum phosphide. Where conditions permit, ozone can be sealed for nitrogen maintenance.
This paper is the cultivation and harvesting technology of Indigo ( Banlangen).
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