"Three-point planting, seven-point pipe." After hybrid rice planting, scientific field management according to different growth and development periods is a key technical measure to capture high quality and high yield of rice. So, what should we pay attention to?
Scientific water management
1. After the thin water seedlings enter the tillering stage, they should be dominated by shallow water irrigation. Generally, the paddy field should maintain a 0.5-1 inch water layer. If it is too deep, it will inhibit the tillering and delay the tillering time, and cause high tillering; the water layer is too shallow. Will lead to excessive tillers, consume plant nutrients, and form a large number of invalid tillers.
Second, the sun-controlled seedlings of hybrid rice tiller reaches a certain number, it is necessary to drain moderately drying the field to control the later ineffective tillering. However, the sun-field must be carried out in accordance with the time, and there is no guarantee in the water source. If there is a possibility of summer drought or drought in the weather forecast, it is not possible to blindly dry the field. Otherwise, it will cause water shortage and drought reduction in the middle and late stages of rice.
Third, the full-water progeny hybrid rice needs sufficient water in the booting stage. In this stage, the paddy field should be shallow-water irrigation to ensure that the “fetal water†irrigation method is appropriate, maintaining a 1-2 inch water layer.
4. Wet Grouting Hybrid rice should be intermittently irrigated during the filling stage to ensure the wet state of the paddy fields, so as to promote the transport of organic matter to the grain, reduce the shell granules and increase the 1000-grain weight. When the rice enters the yellow ripening stage (5-7 days before harvesting), the paddy fields should be drained and dried, which not only benefits the grain to be full and full, but also facilitates field harvesting and improves the quality of the cultivated land of the next season crop.
Rational fertilization
First, early application of manure fertilizer from transplanting to young ears before the beginning of differentiation of the top dressing, are called tiller fertilizer. The quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used. Generally, the seedlings are applied once every 5-7 days and 15 days after planting, and 4-5 kg ​​of urea is applied per mu; 5-7 days after the planting of the large seedlings, about 5 kg of urea is applied; After the seedlings are stable, the mu is washed with 500 kg of Qingshi water and 1-2 kg of urea. After the initial application, 4 kg of urea is applied, and 5 kg of urea is applied after 5-7 days. Fertilization should be applied to the sunny application, shallow water application, while applying the side sputum, manure into the mud, reduce loss.
Second, the skillful application of panicle fertilizer from the beginning of the ear to the top dressing before heading, are called panicle fertilizer. Appropriate topdressing is appropriate, the number of seedlings is appropriate, the individual's growth is stable, and the application of flower fertilizer is about 3 kg of urea; the early stage of topdressing is insufficient, the number of seedlings is small, and the individual's growth bias is about 3 kg of urea per mu after rehydration. Before and after the splitting period, about 2 kg of urea was applied to the mu; the early topdressing was more, the number of seedlings was more, and the individual's growth was more prosperous.
Third, the application of grain fertilizer heading slightly before and after the top dressing, called grain fertilizer or strong seed fertilizer. In the case of insufficient fertilization in the early stage, the field of fertilization and yellowing is generally 1 kg of urea, diluted 100 times, and sprayed in the afternoon when the flowers are closed or after the flowering, to prolong the life of the leaves, prevent premature senescence of the roots, and increase the protein content of the grains. Important role; for the greedy youth Changtian, acre of calcium phosphate 1%-2% solution or 0.3%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for root external foliage fertilizer, can promote nutrient transport, early maturity, increase Grain weight.
Comprehensive prevention of pests and diseases
I. Common pests and diseases In the tillering stage of rice, there are often pests and diseases such as thrips, aphids, rice aphids, leaf blast, bacterial blight and sheath blight. At the jointing and long-earning stage, there are aphids and rice blasts. There are many diseases and insect pests such as sheath blight and bacterial blight. After the heading period, there are pests and diseases such as sheath blight, rice blast, panicle neck lice, rice planthopper, and rice leaf roller.
Second, the prevention and treatment measures should be based on the timely detection and control of the plant protection department's measurement report and prevention measures. Focus on the prevention and control of rice blast. For Ye Wei, it is necessary to investigate the rice blast disease field and the old disease field, and find a piece to manage a piece to prevent spread. The specific method is: Honda starts from the tillering stage, if the disease center or the acute plaque on the leaf is found; Control with 100% of rice glutinous rice 100 ml per acre. The key to preventing the neck and neck is to focus on the key areas and medicines. Whether the key to application (in the early stage of the rupture) is to be carried, and whether there is water in the rice field will directly affect the control effect of the neck lice. The best period for the prevention and treatment of panicle neck is the first stage of the breakage (that is, the main ear breaks the 5% to the ear) to the heading stage, and the first time is based on the principle of “first apply the drug first, then apply the drug after breaking the mouthâ€. Medicament, during this time, the sooner the better, the better. The majority of farmers must accurately observe the rice break period, seize the fine weather, and apply the medicine at the right time. If there is rainy weather during the weather break period, it is necessary to advance to the end of the booting stage (big belly) to apply the first medicine; the key control field will apply the second medicine after 5-7 days, but not later than the heading stage. To ensure the control effect. For the first time in the initial stage of the break, use 75% tricyclazole wettable powder 30 g / mu; the second time in the heading stage, use 40% rice blast 100 ml / mu, or 30% gram 瘟 100 ml / Mu, or 21.2% of the heat must be 100 grams / mu. The motorized sprayer is 7.5-10 kilograms per acre, and the manual sprayer is 40-50 kilograms per acre. It is only possible to use a single dose to prevent panicle neck lice and not to use a compound preparation.
Third, pay attention to the problem prevention and treatment of insects need to pay attention to several issues. First, during the application period, in the case of continuous rainy weather, it is necessary to apply the medicine or apply it 2-3 days before the rain. At the same time, it is necessary to check the control effect after applying the medicine. Second, the emergence of the rice field and the surrounding fields must be Prevention of neck sputum as the focus, and treatment of other pests; Third, the application of rice paddy must maintain shallow water layer, otherwise it will not only affect the control effect, but also the rice field premature water cut, the shell rate will increase rapidly, 1000-grain weight will be significantly reduced; the fourth is "sulphur type", "Different rice type" tricyclazole, Shifangling, and different rice glutinous rice can not be used for the prevention and treatment of panicle neck mites.
Timely harvest
The harvest is too early, some of the grain has not yet been enriched, affecting the yield. When the rice is crushed, the quality of the rice and the rice yield will decrease significantly. If the harvest is too late, it will be easily threshed and cause losses. Generally, 90%-95% of the grain turns yellow, and the ear branch has turned yellow. When most of the regenerated shoots are more than 2 cm long, the harvest is suitable. The weather should be grasped and harvested in time.
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