The strawberry fruit is succulent, delicious, and beautiful in color, and it is already one of the fruits that Beijing citizens are very popular in winter. Strawberry fruit not only contains sugar, acid and protein, but also rich in nutrients (such as calcium, phosphorus and iron) and a lot of Vc. In recent years, the development of strawberry in the off-season cultivation of Beijing has developed rapidly. However, with the large-scale cultivation of strawberries, new problems have emerged in the cultivation process. The lack of strawberry disease is one of the more prominent problems. The essential elements of plants are all important for the growth of strawberries and are indispensable. Once a certain element is lacking, the strawberry plants will show the corresponding symptoms and thus affect the economic benefits. Therefore, in the cultivation and management, we must pay attention to the full complement of nutrients, not only N, P, K a large number of elements to supplement, but let a trace element in the "barrel on the short board", thus affecting the growth of strawberries, leading to The output is reduced and the quality is reduced.
Iron element
Iron is an essential element for plant growth and plays an important role in the photosynthesis and respiration of strawberry growth. Iron deficiency can lead to a decrease in photosynthetic rate, which in turn affects crop yield and quality. In the case of iron deficiency in strawberry plants, the leaves and veins will lack green, and iron deficiency is likely to occur in young leaves because iron is not easily transferred from the old leaves. When the iron deficiency symptoms worsen, the whole leaf is whitened and the veins are green.
The following factors contribute to iron deficiency in strawberry:
(1) The lack of iron in the soil; (2) The soil is alkaline, iron is fixed, and cannot be absorbed by strawberries; (3) The soil is too dry and too wet to affect the vitality of the root, and it also affects the absorption of iron; (4) Too low a temperature results in reduced transpiration and weak root activity, as well as iron transport and absorption.
â– Solutions
Strawberry iron deficiency can be adjusted PH value of the soil, and small-molecule organic chelated iron or ferrous sulfate spraying method, the concentration of 1 ‰.
Boron element
Boron also plays an important role in the growth of strawberries. It promotes the transportation of carbohydrates and enables the smooth running of sugars. The metabolism of carbohydrates in plants deficient in boron is turbulent and the carbohydrates formed in the leaves do not go out. Thickening leaves, boron can promote the growth of vegetative organs and reproductive organs. The early lack of boron in strawberry showed young leaves appear shrinkage and leaf coke, leaf shortening was ring shaped, deformed, wrinkles, severe boron deficiency, the old leaves of the veins showed chlorosis or green, leaf up roll. Boron-deficient strawberry flowers are small, pollination, seed setting rate is low, fruit deformity or tumor-like, uneven fruit surface.
The main causes of boron deficiency in strawberries are:
(1) Soil acidification, boron is leached; (2) Soil is drought, and plant growth is accelerated under high temperature conditions. Due to the poor mobility of boron in the plant body, it can not be timely and fully allocated to the urgently needed parts, and it may also cause partial boron deficiency in the plant; (3) less application of organic fertilizer can also lead to boron deficiency; (4) nitrogen and potassium fertilizer application Excess can inhibit the absorption of boron.
â– Solutions
To alleviate the symptoms of boron deficiency in strawberries, organic fertilizers can be added before planting to ensure sufficient nutrients in the soil. Add microbial fertilizer to enhance the resistance of strawberries. Adjust the pH value of the soil to make the soil neutral, and supply water properly to increase the content of soluble boron in the soil so as to facilitate the absorption of the strawberry. To ease the boron deficiency in strawberries as soon as possible, the method of spraying borax leaves with a concentration of 1‰-2‰ and spraying together with a small amount of multi-element water-soluble fertilizer is more conducive to the absorption of boron. Note that during the flowering period, the concentration should be properly reduced.
Calcium
Calcium is an indispensable element in the growth process of strawberry, and has various effects on the growth stages of the seedlings. First of all, calcium is mainly present in the cell wall in the form of calcium pectate, keeping cell membranes strong and enhancing plant resistance. Second, it can promote root hair formation and root growth. Third, it can improve strawberry quality. External quality: It can enhance the hardness of fruit, keep it beautiful, and increase its resistance to storability; Intrinsic quality: It can promote the formation of aromatic substances and improve fruit flavor.
The presence of calcium, which is second only to a large number of elements in plant growth, is critical, but in the process of strawberry cultivation, calcium supplementation is often overlooked, thus leading to the occurrence of various physiological diseases.
Calcium is a non-removable element. Symptoms of calcium deficiency are first expressed in new leaves. The typical symptoms are leaf scorch disease. New leaf yellowing began, leaf tip shrunken, scorch dehydrated, and could not be unfolded; after that, the scorching part turned dark brown, and there was a clear light green or yellow dividing line at the junction with the leaf.
Calcium deficiency is generally easy to occur in the flowering and fruit expansion period. The symptoms of flowering are as follows: scabs are dehydrated and water buds are browned; the symptoms of bulging fruit are as follows: young fruit does not inflate, and the coloration is slow. When serious, the young fruit becomes brown and dry, and finally the fruit is formed. . If calcium deficiency is found during the fruit expansion period, it is necessary to add calcium in time, otherwise it will result in small fruit, many seeds, burning at the top, accompanied by soft fruits, poor storage resistance, etc., which will seriously affect the commercial quality of strawberries.
â– Solutions
After symptoms of calcium deficiency appear, first of all, organic fertilizers can be applied to increase the permeability of the soil, change the root system to absorb the environment, and at the same time control the application of nitrogen fertilizers to properly maintain the soil moisture content. Secondly, the application of foliar fertilizer is also a common and quick-effect calcium supplementation method. It can use 1‰-2‰ calcium nitrate for foliar application.
Magnesium
Magnesium is also one of the trace elements necessary for strawberry growth and development. Magnesium is present in the plant as a combination of ions or organic matter. It is an important component of chlorophyll and can activate various enzymes and nucleic acids during photosynthesis and respiration. The role of magnesium is self-evident. However, due to the low demand during the growth and development of strawberries, it is often not taken seriously. Therefore, magnesium deficiency may occur during strawberry cultivation.
The lack of magnesium in strawberries is mainly identified by the leaves. Magnesium is a mobile element. Symptoms of magnesium deficiency are first expressed in the old leaves. The initial symptoms are yellowing of the leaf margins, browning and charring, chlorosis between veins and dark brown spots; middle and late symptoms are aggravated leaf margin, dark brown Spots develop into necrotic spots. In addition to the leaves, magnesium deficiency can also be identified by the fruit. The general lack of magnesium when the fruit flavor is lighter, hardness decreased, accompanied by bleaching phenomenon.
â– Solutions
After the symptoms of magnesium deficiency, the following measures can be used to alleviate the symptoms of deficiency. 1. Balanced fertilization to prevent excessive application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. The excessive use of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers can hinder the absorption and utilization of magnesium by strawberries, leading to increased disease deficiency. 2. Adjust soil pH, improve soil, and avoid low temperatures. 3. Spray 1%-2% magnesium sulphate or chelated magnesium solution on the leaves, spray once every 10 days, spray 2-3 times. The foliar topdressing magnesium fertilizer should pay attention to the concentration, and high-concentration magnesium fertilizer can inhibit the growth and development of the strawberry seedlings. During the fruit period, the content of soluble solids and soluble sugars in the strawberry can be suppressed, thereby reducing the quality of the fruit.
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