"Flower Lei" is a thin-skinned hybrid melon variety newly cultivated by Tianjin Kerun Vegetable Research Institute. The plants have strong growth and good disease resistance. The results can be obtained from seed vine and sun vine. The single plant can retain 4 to 5 melons and the average melon weight is about 500 grams. The fruit ripening period is about 30 days. The maturing fruit has yellow skin and dark green spots. Block, the green flesh, soluble solids content of more than 15%, crisp meat, good taste, rich flavor, favored by consumers. "Flower Thunder" has wide adaptability, and can be planted in protected areas and open fields in spring and autumn throughout the country. Its main cultivation techniques are described below.
First, nurture strong seedlings
Cultivating strong seedlings is the most important part of the high quality and high yield of melons. The most important thing is to choose the appropriate sowing date.
1. Selection of sowing time
In early spring cultivation, the lowest ambient temperature in the cultivation environment is stable at 15°C or more, push forward for 25-35 days is the best sowing period (in which, the seedling nursery seedling age is about 25 days, and the nutrition seedling nursery seedling age is 30-35 days ). The greenhouse shed in Tianjin was sown in late December. The greenhouse was sown in late January and the plastic greenhouse was sown in late February. The types of common cultivation facilities and sowing dates in North China are shown in Table 1.
Soaking
The seeds were mixed and degraded, and the seeds were dried. The seeds that were full of seeds were soaked and germinated. The suitable temperature for soaking with water is 50-55°C, and the amount of water is 5-6 times that of melon seeds, and is soaked for 4-6 hours after stirring to room temperature. Drain seed surface moisture, wrapped with wet gauze, placed in a constant temperature box at 30 ~ 32 °C germination, generally about 20 hours, more than 50% of the seed can be sown after dew. Before sowing, pack the nutrient cartridges or plugs in advance. Drench the water, make one hole per hole, cover the film after sowing, and then cover the small arch shed so that the temperature of the seedbed can be maintained at about 30°C to ensure quick emergence and emergence. It usually takes 3 to 4 days from sowing to emergence.
3. Seedling management
After the seedlings are lifted, the film is peeled off, but the small arch film must be gradually uncovered. The temperature should be appropriately lowered to prevent leggy and prevent flash seedlings. At the same time pay attention to ventilation and humidity, daytime temperature is maintained at about 28 °C, maintained at around 18 °C at night. Before the planting, the temperature was gradually reduced to about 20°C, and ventilation was gradually strengthened to carry out the hardening. The purpose was to improve the survival rate of colonization.
Second, field planting
When the best time for planting and planting in early spring is a three-leaf one-at-a-time, at the same time, the minimum temperature in the facility should be guaranteed to be above 15°C above 12°C and 15cm. To fertilize soil in advance, 4,000 kg of high-quality farmhouse fertilizer, 40 kg of compound fertilizer, and 20 kg of potash fertilizer should be applied per acre. Planting or planting a ditch before planting, the depth is generally slightly deeper than the nutrition. Take care when planting, to prevent scab, so as to avoid large slow seedlings, affecting growth. The cultivation density of planting single-vine pruning was 2000 plants per acre, the row spacing was 45 cm and 70 cm, and the density of double vine pruning was 1300-1500 plants per acre. The density of open cultivation was 1500 plants per acre with a row spacing of 40 cm and 110 cm. Immediately after the planting, the planting water was poured and the plastic film was laid after 2 days in order to increase the temperature and prevent weed growth.
Third, field management
1. Fertilizer management
The principle of watering and fertilizing is to ensure that the normal growth of the early stage plants, but also to prevent excess water and fertilizer lead to lengthy and difficult to set fruit. The general colonization of 7 to 10 days after the first time pouring water Huan Miao, after the flowering season depending on soil watering. When the fruit grows to the size of the egg, it is swelled with melon water, and the swelled melon fertilizer is applied. For each mu, 30 kg of diammonium phosphate and 20 kg of potassium sulfate are applied. From the fruit settling to the fruit ripening period, suitable watering can be performed according to the soil moisture, and the rigorous flooding of the water can lead to the cracking of the melon and affect the commodity.
2. Pruning
"Frex" Ziman, Sunman can be the result, so you can carry out single or double vine pruning. Single vine pruning is to destroy the main branch of the following 6-8 nodes, more than 9 branches can continue to leave melons 4 to 5, leaving 2 branches of leaves topping, the main vine when 25 leaves topping. The double-vine pruning is done when the seedlings have 4 to 5 leaves. Each branch grows out of the side branches and leaves 2 healthy vines growing. The vines below the seed vines are knocked out in time and the Sun Man more than 7 verses. As a result of the branches, each of the Sun's vines has 2 to 3 melons.
3. Assistant pollination
Because there are few insects in the facility cultivation environment and there is no external media pollination, it is not easy to set fruit and pollination is needed. The best time for artificial pollination is from 6 to 10 am. Select strong male flowers that are open on the same day or on different plants. Peel the corolla and gently apply evenly on the female stigma. In addition, the use of bees, hormone treatment and other methods can also promote fruit setting.
4. Harvest
During the harvest period, the melon melon cultivation techniques can be determined according to the fruit ripening period. In addition, the melon melon cultivation techniques can also be timely harvested according to the characteristics of the varieties, for example, the color of the peel, the presence or absence of aroma, and the change of the color of the fruiting branches. When “Floral Thunder†matures, the skin is yellow, the patches are dark green, and the aroma is fragrant. At this time, it should be harvested in time.
IV. Pest Control
1. Bleeding
A common disease at the seedling stage, the disease is prone to occur at low temperatures, high humidity and rain, and delicate seedlings. In the early stage of the disease, yellow water-soaked lesions appeared. The diseased part gradually became dry and eventually fell down. The white cotton-like hyphae grew around the diseased plant. Control of damping-off disease can be used 64% anti-virus M8 WP 500 times liquid, 25% methicillin WP wet 600 to 800 times, 50% carbendazim WP 500 times and other agents.
2. Fusarium wilt
Melon is susceptible to soil-borne diseases and is generally the most serious disease in the middle of fruit setting. During onset, the stem base contracted, longitudinally cracked, and yellow-brown glue overflowed. The veins were yellow. The early wilting of the whole plant could be restored sooner or later, and the whole plant died later. The optimum temperature of Fusarium wilt disease is 24～28°C, and continuous cropping, slime, poor drainage and other lands are easily affected. Once the diseased plants are found in the field, they can be treated with 70% thiophanate-methyl WP wettable powder 1000-1500 times, 40% guavastatin 1000-fold liquid, or 60% chlorpyrifos wettable powder 400-500 times liquid.
3. Downy mildew
Commonly referred to as "running horse" or "black horse disease", it is a devastating leaf disease. In the early stage of disease, the leaves appeared yellow spots with water immersion, and later expanded into brown-brown irregular polygonal plaques. When the wet spots were damaged, there was a gray mold layer on the back. The incidence of downy mildew onset is 20～24°C. After onset, 25% of Rhizoctonia WP 50 times, 25% of metalaxyl 500 times, 75% of chlorothalonil 600 times, 58% of methyl cream are used in time. Mn-Zn 400 times or 90% epimedium 500 times to control, according to the condition of a week spray.
4. Powdery mildew
The main damage to the leaves, petioles, stems, the results of the period to maturity prone. At the beginning of the disease, white powdery spots appeared on the leaves, which later expanded into a white mold layer. The petioles and stems spread in the late stage. In severe cases, the whole plant was covered by moldy layer. Powdery mildew may be sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil 500 to 800 times, 50% sulfur suspension 200 to 400 times or 40% polysulfide suspension, or 45% chlorothalonil smoke or sulfur powder 200 to 250 grams Fumigation.
5. Locusts
The locust sucks juice on the back and shoots and shoots. After the leaves are invaded and curled, growth stagnates, which seriously affects the growth and fruit setting. Chemical methods can be used to control aphids once again net, imidacloprid and other agents spray, can also be used to prevent and kill biological methods such as yellow board.
6. Whitefly
White powder extracts plant sap, the victim leaves chlorosis, yellowing, wilting, and even the whole plant withered. Whitefly secretes a large amount of honey liquid, severely contaminates leaves and fruits, induces coal pollution, hinders photosynthesis, spreads viral diseases, and affects yield and quality. Whitefly control can be used to pupate spirit, the first blow and so on.
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