Research reveals how hypoxia causes bacteria to cause acne

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Research reveals how hypoxia causes bacteria to cause acne

November 01, 2016 Source: Science Network

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This is a bit like a double personality. At some point, the bacteria on the skin are harmless, and the next moment, they are triggering spotted acne. Now researchers have discovered how this all happened. And this breakthrough may be expected to spawn new acne treatments within two years. Related results were published in the journal Science-Immunology.
 
Richard Gallo and colleagues from the University of California, San Diego, found that when a harmless bacteria living on the surface of the skin finds itself trapped in an oily environment such as hair follicles that lacks air, it becomes "bad", triggering inflammation and acne.
 
The lack of air environment causes P. acnes to turn oily sebum present in the skin into a fatty acid that activates nearby skin cells to produce inflammation. By analyzing the mixture of bacteria coexisting with human skin and hair cells, the Gallo team found that the above fatty acids inactivate a histone deacetylase, which is often used as a "brake" for inflammation. Once the "brake" is turned off, the skin cells produce a lot of chemicals and the inflammation that causes acne is further aggravated.
 
“This is the first demonstration of how fatty acids from P. acnes act on the skin and induce inflammation,” said Holger Brüggemann of Aarhus University in Denmark. In 2004, Brüggemann revealed the entire genome of this skin bacterium.
 
Unfortunately, removing facial keratin is not the answer, as the bacteria gather together to form a structure called a biofilm. This helps them fix on the skin. Potential therapies are further complicated by the fact that certain P. acnes strains are actually beneficial to skin health. In any case, Gallo's breakthrough in his team will bring confidence in new treatments. "We can suppress these fatty acids or prevent them from affecting the skin." Gallo said, "We are working on how to do this.

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