At present, the number of small-scale dairy cows accounts for more than 60% of the total number of dairy cows. The authors learned from the survey that most farmers have problems such as unregulated feeding and extensive management during the process of raising dairy cows. The author proposes some corresponding countermeasures for these problems and hopes to benefit cattle farmers.
The cowshed is spacious, airy, light-transmitting, and the dairy cows mostly use the old houses as cowhouses or in the courtyard. The cow beds are often uneven, ventilation and summer cooling are difficult to guarantee, and the lighting conditions are not met. Some cows There are even dark days, while others are hard to resist. Allowing dairy cows in such an environment severely affects their health and reduces production performance. In order to improve the living environment of dairy cows, farmers should build cowsheds suitable for the growth of dairy cows in the aquaculture areas planned by the village, require the cowsheds to protect themselves against cold and heat, heat in summer to cool down, provide good ventilation and light, and set up a sports field in the area. Awnings.
Strengthen sports to enhance physical fitness Some cattle farmers are accustomed to carrying cows on wooden stumps, limiting the activities of dairy cows, so that the lack of exercise of the cows, resulting in obstruction of the growth and development of dairy cows, heat is not obvious, repeatedly with difficult pregnancy; some pregnant cows difficult to produce, no placebo, physical fitness Weak, poor disease resistance. "The cow is of good constitution and essential to exercise." Therefore, when setting up a barn, farmers should first consider setting up a sports field and strengthening the cows' movement. If conditions are not available to provide sports venues, some people should also carry out traction exercises to promote the metabolism of dairy cows so that they can maintain a strong appetite and normal reproductive functions, improve their ability to resist the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms, and extend the useful life.
Disinfection and epidemic prevention diseases are far away from many cattle-raising households. When cows become ill, they would like to cure the disease at all costs, but they are not willing to spend a small amount of money on disinfection and epidemic prevention. Their awareness of disinfection and epidemic prevention is poor. Since there is no disinfection pool, the site is not regularly sanitized and no vaccine needles are injected. If cows become ill, especially infectious diseases, they will cause significant economic losses. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct routine sterilizing of cultured environments, venues, and supplies, and to increase the number of site disinfections in the epidemic season. We must establish the concept of prevention and treatment, and in accordance with the occurrence of epidemic diseases in the region, we must, on a regular schedule, invite veterinarians to vaccinate dairy cows, pay attention to the hygiene of feed and drinking water, and control contact with outside personnel and supplies in order to prevent problems.
Brushing the cattle body to improve the benefits Because cattle farmers have a large workload and tight schedules, they do not care much about brushing cattle bodies. Some only pay attention to the cleanliness of the hindquarters and the breasts of cattle, and the entire body rarely brush, even if the brush is also hastily, causing some cows to grime, and even breed ectoparasites. Brushing cattle has many advantages. It can not only keep the body clean, promote skin blood circulation, regulate body temperature, enhance disease resistance, and reduce disease occurrence. It can also promote the affinity of human cattle, facilitate management, and help improve production. Milk volume, and can maintain the sanitation quality of milk. Therefore, farmers should develop the habit of brushing cattle body, brushing cattle body 2 times ~ 3 times a day, every 3 minutes ~ 5 minutes.
Regular deworming reduces the consumption of body surface parasites and causes the cows to feel uncomfortable, disturbed, disturbing the wall, depleting the body, and affecting milk production. Internal parasites not only consume nutrients, but also some parasites can interfere with the life activities of dairy cows and even endanger their lives. Therefore, cattle farmers should expel the cow's internal and external parasites periodically in the spring and autumn each year. In the summer, they should pay attention to repelling blood-sucking insects such as mosquitoes and flies. This can give full play to feed efficiency, ensure the health of cattle, and give full play to the potential for milk production.
The mating age of maternal and child-maturing healthy dairy cows should be 18 months to 20 months, and the body weight should be 350 kg to 400 kg. At this time, the cows have reached maturity and sexual maturity. However, some farmers have started to breed when the yak is not 18 months old. Other farmers do not pay attention to the rearing and management of the dairy cows. At the age of 18 months, they weigh only 250 to 300 kg. Breeding, often causing first child dystocia, as a result had to carry out midwifery, resulting in damage to the birth canal, rupture of the vulva, secondary endometritis, affecting their own growth and development, milk production and normal reproduction of the next child, the birth of the fetus The birth weight is small and the body is weak. Therefore, the cultivation of yaks and bred cattle should be strengthened in production. When the two species are combined, the two indicators should be considered comprehensively.
Proper milking reduces the lactation period of cows consumed by 305 days, and then enters 60 days of dry milk. Due to the influence of cow's age, parity, lyrics, and feeding level, the lactation period can be appropriately lengthened or shortened, but it should not be shorter than 45 days. In order to increase the milk production of dairy cows, some farmers have been squeezed from the post-production period to the time when there is no milk, and sometimes even before the delivery. The consequences of doing so are very serious. First, because cows consume excessive nutrients in the body, affecting the development of the fetus and the increase in the amount of lactation in the next fetus; second, it causes late estrus or estrus in the postpartum estrus, sexual cycle disturbance and difficulty in conception. Therefore, the dry milk period of dairy cows in production is indispensable, and dairy cows with poor lye should be appropriately extended so that cows have sufficient rest and buffer time to ensure normal metabolism and sexual cycle.
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