An apple
1. Principles of fertilization (1) Increase the use of organic fertilizers, promote organic-inorganic application, and appropriately reduce the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers according to the conditions of soil fertility and yield; pay attention to the combined application of calcium, magnesium, boron and zinc. (2) In combination with high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques, NPK fertilizers are applied in stages according to tree vigor and tree age. (3) Orchards where soil acidification occurs can be improved by applying silicon fertilizer and slaked lime.
2. Fertilizing amount and proportion (1) The following orchards produce 3500 kg per mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 15-25 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 6-10 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 15-20 kg/mu. 3500-4500 kilograms of orchard per mu: 20-30 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer, 8-12 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer (P2O5), and 15-25 kg/mu of potassium fertilizer (K2O). More than 4500kg per mu orchard: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 25-40 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 10-15 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 20-30 kg/mu. (2) Early-maturing varieties, or fertile soil, or small age, or strong tree orchard organic fertilizer 2-3 square / acre, late-maturing varieties, soil barren, tree age, weak orchard organic fertilizer applied 3-4 Square / mu, chemical fertilizer applied 2-3 times (3 times late-maturing varieties), the first time in mid-March, NPK combined application; the second time in mid-June, mainly nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, increasing the amount of potash; The third time from late July to mid-August, potassium fertilizer is mainly used together with a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer. (3) Soil orchards lacking zinc, boron, and calcium, 1-1.5 kg of zinc sulfate, 0.5-1 kg of borax, and 30-50 kg of calcium nitrate per hectare, and be mixed with organic fertilizer in early spring; the sulfur-deficient orchard should be selected Sulfur-containing fertilizers such as potassium sulfate-type compound fertilizers, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and superphosphate.
Second, peach
1. Principles of fertilization (1) Strengthen the proportion of organic fertilizer application, and reasonably regulate the application level of N, P, and K fertilizers according to soil fertility, early, late maturing varieties and yield levels, and pay attention to the combined application of calcium, magnesium, boron and zinc or copper fertilizers. (2) Different varieties of spring top dressing have different periods. Early-maturing varieties are earlier than the late-maturing varieties. Fertilizers focus on autumn basal fertilizers, and the number of top dressings in spring is less than that of late-maturing varieties. (3) In combination with high-quality cultivation techniques, in the plain areas that are prone to haze in summer, attention should be paid to the combination of ridging, mulching, or weeding techniques in orchards; in dry areas, surface cover and hole-storage fertilizer and water technologies are advocated.
2. Fertilizing amount and proportion (1) Organic fertilizer application amount: Early-maturing varieties, or fertile soil, or small age, or strong tree orchard applied organic fertilizer 1-2 square/mu; late-maturing varieties, soil barren, old age, The weak orchard applied organic fertilizer 2-4 squares/mu. (2) Fertilizer application amount: Taoyuan, yield level 1500 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 10-12 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5-8 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 12-15 kg/mu. Output of 2000 kg/mu Taoyuan: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 15-18 kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 7-10 kg / mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 17-20 kg / mu. Peachyard with a yield level of 3,000 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 18-20 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 10-12 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 20-23 kg/mu. (3) Fertilization method: All organic fertilizers were used as base fertilizers after soil thawing in autumn or spring, and were applied using open trench soil application methods. 50% of the phosphate and potassium fertilizers and 40% of the nitrogen fertilizers were applied together with the organic fertilizers. The other N, P and K fertilizers were top-dressed in accordance with the nutrient requirements during the growth period; the chemical fertilizers were generally used in the budding stage of peach (early March) and the hard nuclear stage (5 In the middle of the month, the top dressing is 2-3 times (two for early-maturing varieties and three for late-maturing varieties). This place needs to separate the fertilization rate of early and late varieties, and in mid-May is the hard-core stage of late-maturing varieties. (4) Orchards with high defoliation or loads in the early years of the previous year should be top-dressed, and 2-3 times of urea should be sprayed before sprouting. After sprouting, until 7 months before mid-July, every 7 days One time, the spray was applied twice with urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a concentration of 0.3-0.5%. If in the previous year peach leaves were found to have symptoms such as leaf white, branches dry, and flow gum, 0.01-0.03% copper sulfate solution could be sprayed in the bud of peach. (5) If there are more organic manures, the nitrogen and potassium fertilizers in autumnal base application can be reduced as much as 1-2 kg/mu as appropriate; if the organic manure applied is pig manure, even if the previous year's peach trees have appeared white leaf and branches, Flowing gum and other symptoms can no longer be sprayed with copper sulfate.
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