Molecular biology as an upstream skill in genetic engineering, the effectiveness and accuracy of its experiments will determine the progress of all processes and the end of the test results. So it is very important to build a complete molecular biology laboratory. Let's take a look at what instruments are needed to build a molecular biology laboratory.
1. Refrigerator: According to the requirements of medicines, reagents and various biological preparations, it is necessary to have refrigerators with different temperature control levels. The most commonly used refrigerators are: 4°C, -20°C, and -80°C refrigerators. Suitable storage of certain solutions, reagents, drugs, etc. at 4 °C. -20 ° C is suitable for certain reagents, drugs, enzymes, serum, formulated antibiotics and DNA, protein samples and so on. -80 ° C is suitable for storage of samples that have been stored for a long time at low temperature, Escherichia coli strains, purified samples, special low-temperature treatment digestive juices, and the like. The 0-10 ° C chromatography freezer is suitable for electrophoresis, chromatography, dialysis and other tests under low temperature conditions.
2. Incubator: 37 ° C incubator for bacterial plate cultivation and molecular biology experiments.
3. Constant temperature incubation shaker: used for the amplification of bioengineered strains such as E. coli.
4. Water bath: used for heat preservation and various tests.
The 25-100 ° C water bath shaker can be used for molecular hybridization tests, various biochemical enzyme reactions and other insulation tests.
The low temperature water bath can be used for experiments such as the engagement of plasmids and gene fragments in molecular biology and heat shock for 42 degrees of E. coli competent.
5. Oven: Mainly used for drying test vessels, some require higher temperatures and some require lower temperatures. Test utensils for RNA need to be dried in an oven at 250 ° C. Some plastic utensils can only be dried in an oven at 42-45 ° C.
6. Ultra-pure water machine : Following the rapid development of molecular biology, many tests have higher and higher requirements for water purity. Tap water, distilled water, ion exchange water and reverse osmosis pure water are used as water supply. Water circulation. For PCR, PCR amino acid analysis, DNA sequencing, enzyme reaction, scheduling and cell culture.
7. Steam Sterilizer: Most reagents used in molecular biology, and test equipment should be sterilized and sterilized. It is used for disinfection of small batches at any time. A large number of test articles, reagents, and breeding bases can be disinfected using large-scale disinfection and punctuality.
8. Filter membrane: reagents that are not resistant to high temperature and high pressure are used in their bacteria.
9. Various balances: scales and fine electronic analytical balances for accurate weighing of various reagents.
10. Measurement of liquid volume: measuring cylinder, pipette, micro-pump, graduated test tube, beaker, conical flask, etc.
11. pH meter: an instrument for determining the direct potential of H+ in a solution, first through a pair of electrodes, different electromotive forces occurring in different pH solutions are indicated by pH values;
pH test paper: Applicable only to the approximate estimation of the pH of the culture solution, phenol rich solution, buffer or other reagent solution. Most reagents require a harsh pH value, and a pH meter with high accuracy (two decimal places) is required.
12. Spectrophotometer: Optical density, spectrophotometer is an instrument that uses the absorption spectrum of a substance in the visible and ultraviolet regions to determine the nature and content of the substance. It consists of a light source, a monochromator, an absorption cell, a receiver, a measuring surface or a display screen. The OD value is one of the convenient targets for solute quantification in many solutions. The absorption of a monochromatic light by a solution is measured by the monochromatic light that occurs, and the preliminary determination of the quantification and purity of the nucleic acid solution can be performed. The OD value can also be used as a detection target for the concentration of bacteria.
13. High-speed centrifuge: maximum speed 25000 r/m, maximum centrifugal force 89000g. There are two kinds of frozen and normal temperature, which are mostly used for preparation and hand collection of microorganisms, cell debris, cells, large organelles, ammonium sulfate precipitates and immunoprecipitates.
14. Ultra-clean workbench: There are UV lamps, lighting lamps, and alcohol lamp flames, 75% ethanol and other sterilization equipment. It is a kind of equipment that supplies partial cleanliness. The principle is that the blower drives the air, passes through the low and medium efficiency filter, passes through the work surface, and makes the test operation area become a sterile environment.
15. Electrophoresis system: Electrophoresis technology is one of the things to detect and determine the purity, content and characteristics of various biomacromolecules, and even to separate, purify, recover and concentrate samples.
The electrophoresis system is divided into a power supply and an electrophoresis tank. The power supply needs to be stabilized through the voltage regulator, which can supply stable DC power and output stable voltage. Horizontal electrophoresis tank: usually divided into micro electrophoresis tank and large horizontal electrophoresis groove
16. PCR instrument : Polymerase Chain Reaction instrument, also known as DNA thermal cycler, gene amplification instrument, which binds a pair of oligonucleotide primers to both sides of the target sequence on the positive and negative DNA strands, and then enzymatically forms the copy number. A million-fold target DNA fragment of the target sequence, which contains three processes at three different temperatures: DNA denaturation, primer renaturation, and DNA polymerase-catalyzed extension reverberation. The requirements clarify that some laboratories can also require gradient PCR instruments or real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR instruments to perform some special molecular biology experiments.
17. Gel imaging system : Shanghai kunke gel imaging system is a good choice, detection sensitivity can reach pg level (UV and EB can only reach 5ng), and does not need UV and EB, safer, easy to operate and photograph.
2. Incubator: 37 ° C incubator for bacterial plate cultivation and molecular biology experiments.
3. Constant temperature incubation shaker: used for the amplification of bioengineered strains such as E. coli.
4. Water bath: used for heat preservation and various tests.
The 25-100 ° C water bath shaker can be used for molecular hybridization tests, various biochemical enzyme reactions and other insulation tests.
The low temperature water bath can be used for experiments such as the engagement of plasmids and gene fragments in molecular biology and heat shock for 42 degrees of E. coli competent.
5. Oven: Mainly used for drying test vessels, some require higher temperatures and some require lower temperatures. Test utensils for RNA need to be dried in an oven at 250 ° C. Some plastic utensils can only be dried in an oven at 42-45 ° C.
6. Ultra-pure water machine : Following the rapid development of molecular biology, many tests have higher and higher requirements for water purity. Tap water, distilled water, ion exchange water and reverse osmosis pure water are used as water supply. Water circulation. For PCR, PCR amino acid analysis, DNA sequencing, enzyme reaction, scheduling and cell culture.
7. Steam Sterilizer: Most reagents used in molecular biology, and test equipment should be sterilized and sterilized. It is used for disinfection of small batches at any time. A large number of test articles, reagents, and breeding bases can be disinfected using large-scale disinfection and punctuality.
8. Filter membrane: reagents that are not resistant to high temperature and high pressure are used in their bacteria.
9. Various balances: scales and fine electronic analytical balances for accurate weighing of various reagents.
10. Measurement of liquid volume: measuring cylinder, pipette, micro-pump, graduated test tube, beaker, conical flask, etc.
11. pH meter: an instrument for determining the direct potential of H+ in a solution, first through a pair of electrodes, different electromotive forces occurring in different pH solutions are indicated by pH values;
pH test paper: Applicable only to the approximate estimation of the pH of the culture solution, phenol rich solution, buffer or other reagent solution. Most reagents require a harsh pH value, and a pH meter with high accuracy (two decimal places) is required.
12. Spectrophotometer: Optical density, spectrophotometer is an instrument that uses the absorption spectrum of a substance in the visible and ultraviolet regions to determine the nature and content of the substance. It consists of a light source, a monochromator, an absorption cell, a receiver, a measuring surface or a display screen. The OD value is one of the convenient targets for solute quantification in many solutions. The absorption of a monochromatic light by a solution is measured by the monochromatic light that occurs, and the preliminary determination of the quantification and purity of the nucleic acid solution can be performed. The OD value can also be used as a detection target for the concentration of bacteria.
13. High-speed centrifuge: maximum speed 25000 r/m, maximum centrifugal force 89000g. There are two kinds of frozen and normal temperature, which are mostly used for preparation and hand collection of microorganisms, cell debris, cells, large organelles, ammonium sulfate precipitates and immunoprecipitates.
14. Ultra-clean workbench: There are UV lamps, lighting lamps, and alcohol lamp flames, 75% ethanol and other sterilization equipment. It is a kind of equipment that supplies partial cleanliness. The principle is that the blower drives the air, passes through the low and medium efficiency filter, passes through the work surface, and makes the test operation area become a sterile environment.
15. Electrophoresis system: Electrophoresis technology is one of the things to detect and determine the purity, content and characteristics of various biomacromolecules, and even to separate, purify, recover and concentrate samples.
The electrophoresis system is divided into a power supply and an electrophoresis tank. The power supply needs to be stabilized through the voltage regulator, which can supply stable DC power and output stable voltage. Horizontal electrophoresis tank: usually divided into micro electrophoresis tank and large horizontal electrophoresis groove
16. PCR instrument : Polymerase Chain Reaction instrument, also known as DNA thermal cycler, gene amplification instrument, which binds a pair of oligonucleotide primers to both sides of the target sequence on the positive and negative DNA strands, and then enzymatically forms the copy number. A million-fold target DNA fragment of the target sequence, which contains three processes at three different temperatures: DNA denaturation, primer renaturation, and DNA polymerase-catalyzed extension reverberation. The requirements clarify that some laboratories can also require gradient PCR instruments or real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR instruments to perform some special molecular biology experiments.
17. Gel imaging system : Shanghai kunke gel imaging system is a good choice, detection sensitivity can reach pg level (UV and EB can only reach 5ng), and does not need UV and EB, safer, easy to operate and photograph.
18. Other equipment Â
1. Microwave oven: It is convenient for rapid heating and constant temperature heating of some solutions, electrophoresis agarose gel production, melting and so on.
2. Ice machine: used to make the low temperature environment required for the test operation of most nucleic acids and proteins to reduce the hydrolysis of nuclease or proteinase.
3. Chromatography equipment : (chromatography) is a useful physical method for separating multi-component mixtures.
Vacuum imprinting system, DNA composition/sequencer: These are all necessary instruments for in-depth study of nucleic acids.
4. Magnetic stirrer : multi-angle rotary mixer, rapid vibration mixer: for mixing instruments.
5. Homogenizer : Ultrasonic arrangement and cell disrupter, used to carry out the separation test of the sample.
6. Fume hood : Many solvents can escape the toxic gas, the necessary cabinet, and the radioactive test should also have plexiglass shielding.
7. Glass distiller , electric heating cap, transformer: used for the distillation of organic solvents such as phenol.
8. Tip head, Eppendorf tube : Micro tube pipette tip (suction tip), Eppendorf tube (microcentrifuge tube) can be washed, re-use after silicidation. For some demanding tests, such as RNA acquisition and storage, a new disinfection tip and Eppendorf tube should be used. Others should also be equipped with commonly used standard centrifuge tubes (1000ml, 500 ml, 250 ml, 50 ml, 7 ml, etc.) and 96-well, 24-well, 12-well, 6-well cell culture plastic plates.
9. Small equipment and appliances :
Guards, filters, cling film, protective glasses, duckbills, custom glass or plastic utensils (including plates, test tubes, beakers, measuring bottles, reagent separators, and reagents stored in the dark should be brown reagent bottles, such as Full of phenol, mercaptoethanol, etc.), marker pen, various gloves PE, latex, household, acid-proof, etc.)
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