In August, apples, pears, and citrus were in the process of expansion, and the fruits seemed to be full every day, and the harvest seemed to be in sight. However, the enlargement of fruit also means an increase in nutritional requirements. How to make up for nutrients by scientific fertilization is an inevitable problem for every grower. Today, this edition invites experts to explain the fertilization points for apples, pears and citrus during fruit enlargement.
apple
In August, the growth of the apple tree stopped growing, and the whole plant entered the fruit's rapid expansion period. To ensure high yield and high quality, it was necessary to add nutrients to the tree in time. At this time, most regions of China are in the same period of rain and heat. If the fertilization method is not correct, it will easily lead to poor fruit coloring, low sugar content, excessive nutrient growth in the tree, uncapped autumn shoots, and poor growth of shoots. Even affect the tree's safe winter.
At this time, the fruit grower should be supplemented with potassium fertilizer, supplemented by phosphate fertilizer, and appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be added according to the tree growth status and previous fertilization. Because of the cloudy and rainy season, the tree is prone to lack of calcium, magnesium, iron, etc., so it can be supplemented by foliar spraying.
Large amount of fertilizer application
It is suggested that potassium fertilizer should be the main supplement, and phosphate fertilizer should be supplemented. According to the growth of the tree, nitrogen fertilizer should be added. The long shoots are thick and thick, and the thick, dark green and shiny trees grow robustly. It is recommended that 1 to 1.25 kg of potassium sulfate be applied to each plant and 0.5 to 0.75 kg of diammonium phosphate. The shoots should be short and thin, and the shoots should be thin. Yellow-green color, a smaller tree than the same period, it is recommended that each plant potassium sulfate 1 ~ 1.25 kg, 0.5 ~ 0.75 kg of diammonium phosphate, urea 0.15 ~ 0.25 kg.
Application of trace elements in fertilizers
In the rainy season, calcium fertilizer is drained in time, nitrogen fertilizer is applied in a timely manner, and the absorption of calcium by plants is promoted. Appropriate application of lime in acid soil orchards can neutralize soil acidity, increase the amount of displaceable calcium in the soil, and reduce calcium deficiency. Calcium-deficient fruit trees can be sprayed with 1000-1500 times calcium nitrate solution during the growing season. The key part of the spraying is the fruit pods, which are usually sprayed 1 or 2 times.
The reasons for iron deficiency in iron-fat fruit trees are relatively complex. In general, there is no iron deficiency in soil. However, because of excessive alkaline soil, too little organic matter, impervious soil, or soil salinization, the amount of salt in topsoil increases. The iron element that can be absorbed becomes unable to be absorbed. Pay attention to soil improvement, drainage, aeration, and reduction of salinity. It is recommended to use ferrous fulgenate 200 times iron or amino acid iron fertilizer foliar spray or 0.2% of ferrous sulfate, iron citrate plus 0.1% urea or organic chelated iron liquid.
Magnesium is a fruit tree with less magnesium deficiency and can be sprayed on the leaves with 1% to 2% magnesium sulfate solution one or two times. Magnesium-deficient fruit trees can be mixed with magnesium sulfate in organic fertilizers, applying 1 to 1.5 kg of magnesium sulfate per acre. In acid soils, magnesium lime or magnesium carbonate neutralizes the acidity of the soil.
Fertilization method
Ring Groove Fertilization This method is particularly suitable for the application of basal fertilizer to young trees. The practice is to dig a 30 to 40 centimeters wide and 15 to 25 centimeter deep ring groove around the crown, and then mix the topsoil and fertilizer.
Strip groove fertilization in the fruit trees or between plants, dig 1 to 2 width 50 cm, depth 15 to 25 cm long groove, and then fertilization cover. This method is suitable for mature orchards.
The radiation groove fertilization method is to dig 6 to 8 radial grooves at a distance of 1 meter from the trunk, with a groove width of 30 to 60 centimeters and a depth of 15 to 25 centimeters. The length reaches the outer edge of the trunk. Apply the fertilizer to the trench and cover it with soil. This method is suitable for mature orchards.
Young fruit trees should be fertilized with ring grooves or radial grooves, and adult trees should be fertilized with radial grooves or strips (drifts between lines or between plants). Li Zhuang, Institute of Fruit Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
pear
August is the period when the late-ripe pear fruit is rapidly expanding. The fruit grower should be able to achieve fertile soil, strong trees, and the rooting of the "trinity." This is not only related to the improvement of quality and efficiency of pear fruit in the year, but also related to the output and income of pear garden in the following year.
Fertile soil is fundamental
The improvement of soil and fertility are the fundamental measures to ensure the robust growth of trees and good fruit development. Sapling between pear orchard, tree cover and overturning green manure are effective measures to cultivate pear soil in this period.
For the pristine pear gardens, this time coincides with the rain and heat in the same season, the grass grows lushly, and the grass that grows 30-40 cm in height must be castrated in time, and the height of the cut is 10-20 cm, and the rain is abundant. Dwarf locusts are appropriate in the region, and sorghum is appropriate for dry areas. The cut grass is directly covered in the tree tray.
During this period, soil microbiological activities are vigorous, and organic materials such as straw are decomposed at a faster rate. Various types of crop stalks (such as corn, rice, wheat, and bean stalks), weeds, and waste prunes trimmed in summer in orchards can be covered in the tree trays. Organic materials, covering the thickness of 15 cm is appropriate, do not cover within 20 ~ 30 cm around the neck, so as not to accumulate phlegm cause root neck suffocation rot.
For orchards planting green manure crops such as sesbania, scorpion jasminoides, and alfalfa, they can be turned in place at a pressure of 10 to 15 cm in depth; they can also dig fertilization ditch in rows to turn green manure crops after cutting. Pressed into the fertilization ditch, 1 to 3 years old young tree green manure inflicted 3 to 5 kilograms, full fruit tree green manure ingestion of 20 to 25 kilograms.
Strong tree is the key
Fertilization is a key measure to ensure the robust growth of trees. During the expansion period of pear fruit, biogas fertilizer can be used to flush and apply 50% of 60% biogas slurry to each plant, flushed once every 15 days, and then flushed with appropriate amount of water. This period is at a critical time for the growth of shoot length, flower bud differentiation and fruit enlargement. To control the application of nitrogenous fertilizer and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, 100 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer or 10 kg of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer can be applied per acre.
Fertilizer can also be sprayed at this time, can spray 0.3% ~ 0.5% of urea, 0.3% ~ 0.5% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, for fruit trees with a deficiency, can be sprayed with 0.1% ~ 0.3% of borax , 0.5% zinc sulfate and 0.3% to 0.5% ferrous sulfate.
Rooting is the foundation
Pear is a tree species with poor physiological drought tolerance and requires a large amount of water. This period is the critical period of water requirement for pear trees, and the root system (especially the shallow root system) is susceptible to high temperature and drought. Therefore, proper irrigation should be performed timely and properly. The normal growth of the tree and the rapid expansion of the fruit. For low-lying pear orchards with high groundwater levels or pear orchards that have accumulated water in the rainy season, they must clear the ditch and drain the ditch in time. The pear orchards that have caused damage must loosen the soil accumulated in the tree plates in time, and properly break open the soil in the rhizosphere. Let it dry for 2 to 3 days to ensure the normal breathing of the root system. Zhao Deying, Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Tangerine
From August to September, it is the peak period of citrus fruit enlargement and autumn shoot growth. In order to realize the balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth of citrus, it is necessary to look at trees for fertilization and coordinate nutrition. Trees with large trees, many fruits, and trees that cannot keep up with nutrients must be applied to strong fruit fertilizers. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers must be properly matched to fully meet the needs of fruit growth and development of new shoots. The young trees with few results and strong nutrient growth should be fertilized with less fertilizer. In particular, it is necessary to control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, prevent leggy and increase quality. Adhere to the combination of surface fertilization and foliar fertilizer application. In the late stage of fruit enlargement, the leaves are sprayed with 0.2% to 0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or compound fertilizer or 20% of ash extract and 1% of superphosphate, 0.03% to 0.05% of nitric acid. Rare earth.
At this time, the citrus production areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are susceptible to the regular autumn drought, resulting in small fruit, sunburn, cracking, fruit drop, etc., and reducing yield and quality. Therefore, strengthening drought prevention is the key. Conditional orange groves should be timely irrigated; in mountainous orange groves, grass should be covered with moisturizing and drought protection; cultivating loose soil in middle cultivator, preventing soil compaction, reducing water evaporation; applying drought-retention and water retention agents, foliar spraying of aspirin, etc. Anti-evaporation agents reduce the evaporation loss of moisture in the soil and trees; spray water on the leaves in dry weather to increase air humidity, achieve coordination of water, fertilizer, gas and heat, and prevent drought and high temperatures. However, irrigation should be stopped 20 days before fruit harvesting to reduce cell water content, increase solid content, promote early maturation, and increase storage stability.
In the later period of fruit enlargement, fruit quality can be improved by foliar spray fertilizer, such as 0.2% to 0.3% Baume degree lime sulfur; 0.03% to 0.05% rare earth liquid; 300 to 500 times rice vinegar. Doing so can curb the autumn shoots, reduce the consumption of nourishment, increase nutrient accumulation, promote fruit enlargement, and increase sugar content.
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