In recent years, more and more farmers have chosen to grow edible mushrooms to get rid of poverty. However, there are many kinds of edible fungi. Farmers in different regions also have some differences in the selection of varieties. How should farmers choose the varieties of edible fungi suitable for their cultivation? To this end, the reporter interviewed Ding Lunbao, who is known as the “Mushroom King†and is known as the head of the Tiandu Edible Fungus Cooperative in Feixi County.
There is a variety of choices
"Now there are more than 70 varieties of edible fungi, the major varieties are mushrooms, mushrooms, fungus, Agaricus bisporus, Flammulina velutipes, straw mushroom, etc., rare species are Bailing Mushroom, Xiu Zhen mushroom, happiness mushroom, Agrocybe, mushrooms, sheep Belly, etc.." Ding Lunbao introduced in an interview with reporters that in the face of so many varieties of edible fungi, farmers will have to choose according to the local conditions. Specifically, peasant households in the suburbs of the city can choose fresh edible mushrooms, such as oyster mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, and mushrooms, while peasant households in inaccessible areas should choose edible cultivars suitable for both fresh and dried foods. Such as fungus, shiitake mushrooms, Coprinus comatus, Agrocybe, and Pleurotus eryngii, etc.; farmers planting seedlings can also plant under the forest mushrooms, happy mushrooms, Ganoderma lucidum and Morchella and other edible fungi species.
Farmers in different seasons to cultivate edible fungi, should pay attention to choose different varieties of edible mushrooms, outdoor continuous temperature above 25 °C, to choose high-temperature edible mushroom varieties; spring and autumn in the continuous temperature of 18-25 °C, the choice of medium-temperature edible fungus Variety; optional low-temperature edible mushroom varieties in winter, fruiting time must be above 10 °C.
When farmers engage in the cultivation of edible fungi, they should also pay attention to choosing local rich planting materials. Farmers in the main rice production areas in our province can choose rice straw as the substrate for the cultivation of edible fungi; wheat and corn production areas, farmers can use wheat and corn stalks, corn cob as edible mushroom culture substrate; mountain farmers can choose to use branches, leaves, Thatch and discarded sawdust produce edible mushrooms; farmers in cotton producing areas can choose cotton stalks and cottonseed hulls to cultivate edible fungi.
Input-output 1 to 3
“Mushroom cultivation is a special economic industry with low input, high output, short cycle, quick results, and relatively low market risk.†Ding Lunbao told reporters that, generally speaking, farmers can spend 1 yuan for planting edible fungi. With a return of 3 yuan, the return on cultivation of rare edible mushrooms such as mulberry, tricholoma matsutake, Cordyceps militaris, Morchella, etc. is as high as 1 to 6. There is such an image to say, ten acres of acres of land, a garden of ten acres of acres.
Different edible fungi varieties have certain differences in their input and output. Ding Lunbao, for example, said that farmers need to invest 2,000 yuan (including bacterial species) to grow an acre of happiness mushrooms, and 8,000 to 10,000 kg of straw, and they can benefit from 8,000 to 10,000 yuan two months later. Straw grown with Happy Mushroom is a high-quality organic fertilizer that has the effect of improving the soil and improving soil fertility.
If the farmers grow 10,000 sticks of Pleurotus ostreatus, their cost will be 30,000 yuan, the greenhouse cost will be 5,000 yuan, each rod will be calculated as 1.5 pounds, 10,000 rods will be able to produce 15,000 pounds of virgin mushrooms, and the average market sales price will be 4 yuan/kg, and the output value will be 60,000 yuan. 25,000 yuan, the production cycle is 3 months.
If farmers grow 10,000 sticks of mushrooms, the cost of bacteria sticks will be 30,000 yuan, and the cost of greenhouses will be 5,000 yuan. Each stick will produce 1.3 pounds of shiitake mushrooms. 10,000 sticks will produce 13,000 pounds of fresh mushrooms. The average selling price of the market will be 4.5 yuan/kg, and the output value will be 58,500 yuan. The net profit is 23,500 yuan and the production cycle is 6 months.
Choose a good pattern to avoid risk
Ding Lunbao suggested that individual farmers engaged in mushroom cultivation, can take the family workshop type, build bamboo greenhouses, hand bagging, start with 1000-2000 bags of bacteria species is appropriate to avoid technical and market risks as much as possible.
Farmers engaged in the cultivation of edible fungi in the form of cooperatives can change the “small and scattered†production methods to operate with scale and standardization, thereby reducing production costs and reducing operational risks. Cooperatives can concentrate on making bacteriophages and then distribute them to co-operative members for cultivation. After producing mushrooms, the cooperatives collectively check and accept the mushrooms and sell them to the market.
For industrial capital, higher technical levels can be adopted, factory-based methods can be used to engage in the production of edible fungi. The advantage is that the production process is mechanized and semi-mechanized. The growth environment is automatically regulated by the intelligent control system, and a lot of manual operations are saved. In the labor force, the annual production can reach 8 to 10%, and the produced edible fungus has good quality and high yield.
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