Release date: 2016-11-09
Nowadays, one can accurately calculate how many cancer-related DNA mutations accumulate in the smoker's organs over time.
A recent analysis shows that, on average, for every 50 cigarettes smoked, each lung cell produces a DNA mutation. For a person who smokes 1 pack (20 cigarettes) per day for 1 year, each lung cell, throat cell, pharyngeal cell, bladder cell, and kidney cell will produce 150, 97, and 39, respectively. , 18 and 6 mutations. Epidemiological studies have previously linked smoking to at least 17 cancers, but this is the first time researchers have quantified the effects of molecular damage on DNA. Related results were published in the journal Science.
Ludmil Alexandrov and colleagues at Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, USA, obtained this finding by comparing the tumor DNA of 2,500 smokers and 1,000 non-smokers. This allowed them to identify which mutations were associated with smoking.
In theory, each DNA mutation may trigger a cascade of genetic damage that causes cell cancer. However, it is still unclear how much a certain smoking-related DNA mutation turns into cancer, or which types of mutations may become more malignant. "This is the research we are currently working on." Alexandrov said.
He also said that although some smokers have accumulated thousands of mutations in their bodies, they have never developed cancer. However, this is entirely due to luck. "Smoking is like playing Russian roulette games: the more you play, the more mutations affect your genes and the chances of getting cancer. However, there are always people who smoke a lot but the mutations don't affect them. Good genes."
The team hopes that their findings will prevent people from smoking too much and revealing the myth that social smoking is harmless. Alexandrov said that every cigarette can cause genetic mutations. At the same time, quitting smoking does not reverse these mutations - they leave a permanent "scar" on the DNA. However, smoking cessation can prevent the risk of more mutations.
Source: Chinese Journal of Science
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