First, the reasons for the low yield of fruit trees
Developing low-yield orchards is an effective way to rapidly increase apple production. There are many reasons for the low yield of fruit trees, such as low soil organic matter content, low soil fertility, low fertilization, and fruit tree nutrition can not meet the needs of fruit trees; lack of irrigation conditions in orchards, lack of water in arid fruit trees; lack of pollinated trees in planted fruit trees , Auxiliary fruit tree pollination measures are not effective, the fruit set rate is low; the prevention of pests and diseases is not timely, the occurrence of early leaves and so on. Improper pruning or trimming mistakes, tree shape is not suitable for the growth habits of the apple tree, poor tree structure, poor ventilation and light transmission of the crown, etc., which are also one of the important reasons for the low yield of fruit trees.
A good tree structure is the basis for fruit production. For fruit tree pruning, all types of branches of the tree should be treated according to the principle of pruning according to the growth habits of apples; the trees should be pruned and shaped with the branches; the tree structure to be cultivated should be such that the skeleton is firm, and the main and lateral branches open at an angle; And the distribution is reasonable; the branches are robust and the branches are not crowded, which does not affect the ventilation and light transmission of the crown; the crown is full and the tree potential is stable and the yield is high.
Second, improper trimming production is low
In the existing low-yield orchards, the trees are mostly sparsely planted, and most of the trees are sparsely layered. The whole tree structure of the sparse tree-trees in the main trunk should be a solid skeleton, with few main branches and many lateral branches. Lateral branches, clear delamination, large interlamellar spacing; open branches of branches, good ventilation and light transmission of the crown, distribution of large, medium, and small branches, should be large and small, internal and external results.
However, in many low-yielding orchards, due to improper methods of pruning fruit trees, the trees are not formed and the tree structure is disordered. The performance is as follows: the tree is tall, the main branches do not divide, and there are too few big branches; even the young scissors put it slowly, there are many whip sticks, and the branches are densely squeezed; the prosperous trees are too dry, the stems and the middle of the stem are dry. Dry extension branches, apex growth; Extensive pruning, only cut branchlets do not cut large branches, twigs and densely crowded; short cut too heavy, retract too quickly, the whole tree to take the article. Lead to poor ventilation and transparency of the crown, weakened tree vigor, weak branches and flowers, low yield and results every other year.
Third, through the pruning tree to produce low yield high yield
To make low-yielding fruit trees caused by improper pruning or improper production become high-yield, it is necessary to increase the organic fertilizer, improve soil fertility, and timely control pests and diseases, and to eliminate large branches to improve the light conditions of the tree, adjust and rejuvenate the results. Branches, stable tree vigor, meticulous pruning, adjust the tree structure. The following trimming work should be actively done:
1. Control the height of the tree. Falling head happy, remove the top of the center dry, usually remove the extension of the middle trunk above the third main branch, open the light path, so that the sun from above into the canopy.
2. Remove excess branches. Corresponds to the remaining branches of large branches, can be removed. Appropriately retract the whip sticks that have been put slowly for consecutive years.
3. Open the spacing between the upper and lower main branches. One is to open the main branch to open the angle, and the other is to remove the overgrown branches that grow upright on the back of the main branch.
4. Adjust and rejuvenate the results. The branches of most low-yielding trees are slender and scattered, and the branches in the branches are weak branches. The adjustment of the branches and groups should be left unfavorably, and the dense and slender branches should be eliminated. Use sparse shearing, retraction, and short cut methods to cut off invalid sticks in the stick group. Rejuvenate fruiting groups, concentrate nutrients, and improve the ability of result branches and groups.
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