Oat forage production and processing technology
1 Scope
This regulation specifies the basic requirements for oat forage production and processing technology.
This regulation applies to oat forage production and processing in the Ulanqab area.
2 Normative references
The clauses in the following documents have been adopted as references to this standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments (not including errata content) or revisions do not apply to this standard. However, parties that have reached an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. . For undated references, the latest version is applicable to this standard.
GB 15618 Soil Environmental Quality Standard
GB 4285 Pesticide Safety Use Standard
GB 8321 Pesticide Reasonable Use Guidelines
GB 2930.1-8 Forage Seed Inspection Regulations
GB 6142-2008 Grass seed quality classification
NY/T 496 Fertilizer Fair Use Guidelines
NY/T 391-2013 Environmental Quality of Green Food Production Areas
DBXXXX/XXXX-XXXX Green Hay Processing and Technical Regulations
DBXXXX/XXXX—XXXX Technical Regulations for Forage Silage
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1 Oats
Oats are annual herbaceous plants of the genus Gramineae. They have strong adaptability, cold tolerance, drought tolerance, and sunshine. They are mainly distributed in northern North China, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the northeastern region of China. There are two kinds of oats and bare oats.
3.2 Oat hay
Refers to the timely harvesting of green-oat oats, which can be long-term storage of green forage grass prepared by natural or artificial drying. It is a high-quality forage for livestock such as cows, beef cattle, and sheep.
4 producing environment
Performed in accordance with NY/T 391-2013 regulations.
5 Preparation before broadcast
5.1 Seed Selection
Select high-quality oat varieties, the seed quality in line with the provisions of GB 6142-2008.
5.2 Seed Processing
Before sowing, select seeds, conduct drying and germination tests to ensure that the seedlings are full, homogeneous, uniform and strong, in accordance with the provisions of GB 2930.1-8.
5.3 Selection
Choose a land with flat terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation, uniform soil, rich organic matter, and deep soil layers to avoid heavy smashing. Meets the requirements of GB 15618 and NY/T 391-2013.
5.4 Site Preparation
Plowing and soil preparation before sowing will enable the land to be flat, the soil to be finely crushed, the living soil to be deep, and the virtual reality to be applied to meet the sowing requirements.
5.5 Base fertilizer
Combining tillage soil, at least, farmland fertilizer is applied at 37500kg/hm2 and superphosphate is 375kg/hm2 to 750kg/hm2.
6 Sowing
6.1 Sowing time
When the average soil temperature of 5cm soil tillage stably passes 4°C or more, it is suitable for sowing. Spring oats are generally suitable for sowing in May, before the mountains in mid-May, after the mountains in late May.
6.2 Depth of sowing
The depth of sowing is 3cm to 5cm, the depth of sowing in sandy soil is about 5cm, the depth of sowing soil is about 3cm, and the loam depth is between sand and clay.
6.3 sowing line spacing
The unicast line spacing is generally 15 cm to 25 cm, and the mixing line spacing is generally 25 cm to 30 cm.
6.4 Seeding rate
According to different varieties, different fertility, different sowing methods, etc. determine the sowing volume, generally 150kg/hm2 ~ 225kg/hm2.
6.5 Application of Seed Fertilizer
When sowing, it is mixed with crushed farmyard manure and seeds and sowed into the soil. The specific requirements for fertilizer application are governed by NY/T 496 regulations.
6.6 Repression
Sown promptly after sowing.
7 Field Management
7.1 Weed Control
Post-emergence weed removal must be performed on weed seedlings, ie 2,4-D butyl ester is sprayed when the second stem section of oats grows. The amount used is according to the pharmaceutical instructions.
7.2 Dressing
After the tillering and jointing, topdressing ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate 112.5kg/hm2~150kg/hm2, topdressing ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate 75kg/hm2 before heading, and according to the soil with appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.
7.3 Irrigation
7.3.1 The full-flood and dilute water enters the tillering stage. When 3 to 4 pieces of oat leaves are used, they are poured thoroughly with small water.
7.3.2 Watering in the late pouring season When the second section of oats begins to elongate, lightly pour water once.
7.3.3 Precoating the ear-worn water During the time of the top leaf of oats, lightly pour the water of the booting.
7.4 Pest Control
7.4.1 Agricultural Prevention and Control
Rational rotation with other crops to strengthen field management; fall cultivation of soil in the fall, creating adverse wintering environment for pests; appropriate sowing, so that growth of oats avoid the high incidence of pests and diseases.
7.4.2 Biological Control
Protect and use natural enemies of field pests or use biological agents to control pests.
7.4.3 Chemical Control
Performed in accordance with the provisions of GB 4285 and GB 8321.
8 Use
Oats can be cut into green fodder twice from flowering to filling. For the first time, 5cm to 8cm were left to be castrated; Oat silage can be harvested from heading to wax ripening. If whole oat silage with mature seeds is needed, it can be harvested at the ripening stage.
9 Processing modulation technology
9.1 Oat Hay Processing
9.1.1 Processing Technology Process
Harvesting squashing → drying → sun drying and close → drying → baling in the field → palletizing → transport
9.1.2 Castration
Oats are cut at the harvest time using a lawn mower. To be castrated within 3 days, harvesting will depend on the weather conditions. Try to avoid rain after castration.
9.1.3 Drying and Drying
When the oatgrass is dried to a moisture content of about 50%, it is twisted into a strip with a rake. The width of the strip should be consistent with the picking width of the intended baler. Drying time 3d ~ 4d.
9.1.4 Baling
When the oat grass is dried and dried to a moisture content of 14% to 16%, it is bundled with an automatic pick-and-place baler and it is required to be fully finished in the shortest time to prevent rain and snow.
9.1.5 Storage
Performed as DB XXXX/XXXX—XXXX.
9.1.6 Quality Evaluation of Oat Hay
Performed as DB XXXXX/XXXXXX.
9.2 Oat Forage Silage Technology
Performed as DBXXXX/XXXX--XXXX.
1 Scope
This regulation specifies the basic requirements for oat forage production and processing technology.
This regulation applies to oat forage production and processing in the Ulanqab area.
2 Normative references
The clauses in the following documents have been adopted as references to this standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments (not including errata content) or revisions do not apply to this standard. However, parties that have reached an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. . For undated references, the latest version is applicable to this standard.
GB 15618 Soil Environmental Quality Standard
GB 4285 Pesticide Safety Use Standard
GB 8321 Pesticide Reasonable Use Guidelines
GB 2930.1-8 Forage Seed Inspection Regulations
GB 6142-2008 Grass seed quality classification
NY/T 496 Fertilizer Fair Use Guidelines
NY/T 391-2013 Environmental Quality of Green Food Production Areas
DBXXXX/XXXX-XXXX Green Hay Processing and Technical Regulations
DBXXXX/XXXX—XXXX Technical Regulations for Forage Silage
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1 Oats
Oats are annual herbaceous plants of the genus Gramineae. They have strong adaptability, cold tolerance, drought tolerance, and sunshine. They are mainly distributed in northern North China, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the northeastern region of China. There are two kinds of oats and bare oats.
3.2 Oat hay
Refers to the timely harvesting of green-oat oats, which can be long-term storage of green forage grass prepared by natural or artificial drying. It is a high-quality forage for livestock such as cows, beef cattle, and sheep.
4 producing environment
Performed in accordance with NY/T 391-2013 regulations.
5 Preparation before broadcast
5.1 Seed Selection
Select high-quality oat varieties, the seed quality in line with the provisions of GB 6142-2008.
5.2 Seed Processing
Before sowing, select seeds, conduct drying and germination tests to ensure that the seedlings are full, homogeneous, uniform and strong, in accordance with the provisions of GB 2930.1-8.
5.3 Selection
Choose a land with flat terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation, uniform soil, rich organic matter, and deep soil layers to avoid heavy smashing. Meets the requirements of GB 15618 and NY/T 391-2013.
5.4 Site Preparation
Plowing and soil preparation before sowing will enable the land to be flat, the soil to be finely crushed, the living soil to be deep, and the virtual reality to be applied to meet the sowing requirements.
5.5 Base fertilizer
Combining tillage soil, at least, farmland fertilizer is applied at 37500kg/hm2 and superphosphate is 375kg/hm2 to 750kg/hm2.
6 Sowing
6.1 Sowing time
When the average soil temperature of 5cm soil tillage stably passes 4°C or more, it is suitable for sowing. Spring oats are generally suitable for sowing in May, before the mountains in mid-May, after the mountains in late May.
6.2 Depth of sowing
The depth of sowing is 3cm to 5cm, the depth of sowing in sandy soil is about 5cm, the depth of sowing soil is about 3cm, and the loam depth is between sand and clay.
6.3 sowing line spacing
The unicast line spacing is generally 15 cm to 25 cm, and the mixing line spacing is generally 25 cm to 30 cm.
6.4 Seeding rate
According to different varieties, different fertility, different sowing methods, etc. determine the sowing volume, generally 150kg/hm2 ~ 225kg/hm2.
6.5 Application of Seed Fertilizer
When sowing, it is mixed with crushed farmyard manure and seeds and sowed into the soil. The specific requirements for fertilizer application are governed by NY/T 496 regulations.
6.6 Repression
Sown promptly after sowing.
7 Field Management
7.1 Weed Control
Post-emergence weed removal must be performed on weed seedlings, ie 2,4-D butyl ester is sprayed when the second stem section of oats grows. The amount used is according to the pharmaceutical instructions.
7.2 Dressing
After the tillering and jointing, topdressing ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate 112.5kg/hm2~150kg/hm2, topdressing ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate 75kg/hm2 before heading, and according to the soil with appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.
7.3 Irrigation
7.3.1 The full-flood and dilute water enters the tillering stage. When 3 to 4 pieces of oat leaves are used, they are poured thoroughly with small water.
7.3.2 Watering in the late pouring season When the second section of oats begins to elongate, lightly pour water once.
7.3.3 Precoating the ear-worn water During the time of the top leaf of oats, lightly pour the water of the booting.
7.4 Pest Control
7.4.1 Agricultural Prevention and Control
Rational rotation with other crops to strengthen field management; fall cultivation of soil in the fall, creating adverse wintering environment for pests; appropriate sowing, so that growth of oats avoid the high incidence of pests and diseases.
7.4.2 Biological Control
Protect and use natural enemies of field pests or use biological agents to control pests.
7.4.3 Chemical Control
Performed in accordance with the provisions of GB 4285 and GB 8321.
8 Use
Oats can be cut into green fodder twice from flowering to filling. For the first time, 5cm to 8cm were left to be castrated; Oat silage can be harvested from heading to wax ripening. If whole oat silage with mature seeds is needed, it can be harvested at the ripening stage.
9 Processing modulation technology
9.1 Oat Hay Processing
9.1.1 Processing Technology Process
Harvesting squashing → drying → sun drying and close → drying → baling in the field → palletizing → transport
9.1.2 Castration
Oats are cut at the harvest time using a lawn mower. To be castrated within 3 days, harvesting will depend on the weather conditions. Try to avoid rain after castration.
9.1.3 Drying and Drying
When the oatgrass is dried to a moisture content of about 50%, it is twisted into a strip with a rake. The width of the strip should be consistent with the picking width of the intended baler. Drying time 3d ~ 4d.
9.1.4 Baling
When the oat grass is dried and dried to a moisture content of 14% to 16%, it is bundled with an automatic pick-and-place baler and it is required to be fully finished in the shortest time to prevent rain and snow.
9.1.5 Storage
Performed as DB XXXX/XXXX—XXXX.
9.1.6 Quality Evaluation of Oat Hay
Performed as DB XXXXX/XXXXXX.
9.2 Oat Forage Silage Technology
Performed as DBXXXX/XXXX--XXXX.
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