Compared to conventional fertilization methods, fertilization through irrigation systems has the following advantages:
1. Improve the utilization rate of fertilizers. The water and fertilizer are directly transported to the root soil, which can fully guarantee the effective supply of nutrients and the rapid absorption of roots. Because the water and fertilizer solution is evenly distributed in the soil, the nutrient dispersion cloth is highly uniform, and the absorption efficiency of the root system is improved. For micro-irrigation, the fertilization efficiency is greatly improved because the wet area is limited to the area where the roots are concentrated and the maximum uniform distribution of the water and fertilizer solution. Because the flow rate of micro-irrigation is small, the time for the crop to absorb nutrients is correspondingly extended. Under drip irrigation, the water droplets containing nutrients slowly infiltrated into the soil, and the soil in the root zone immediately saturates the water after saturation, thus reducing the leakage of nutrients into the deep soil, especially the leaching of nitrate nitrogen. Traditionally, fertilization and irrigation are carried out separately. After the fertilizer is applied to the soil, the fertilizer is present in the soil because the soil is not timely flooded or the amount of irrigation is insufficient, and the root system is not fully absorbed. When irrigating, the soil can reach water saturation, but the irrigation time is very short, so the roots absorb nutrients for a short time. Planting tomatoes under the field drip fertigation system, the nitrogen utilization rate can reach 90%, phosphorus reaches 70%, and potassium reaches 95%. The increase in fertilizer utilization means a reduction in the amount of fertilizer applied, thus saving fertilizer.
2, thrifty fertilization labor, especially for vegetables and crops planted in greenhouses. In fruit tree cultivation, water and fertilizer management consumes a large amount of labor. For example, in the production of bananas in South China, the number of annual fertilizations in some producing areas is as high as five times. Every time you apply fertilizer, you should dig a hole or open a shallow ditch. After fertilization, you should fill it with water. The simultaneous management of water and fertilizer after fertigation with facilities can save a lot of labor. The author's investigation in Shenzhen Xili Fruit Farm (mainly planting litchi) found that more than 95% of man-made labor can be saved by drip irrigation. Now that labor prices are getting higher and higher, the use of fertigation techniques can obviously save production costs.
3. Maneuver, convenient and accurate control of the amount and time of fertilization. According to the crop nutrition rules, targeted fertilization, to do what is missing, to achieve accurate fertilization. For example, in the shoot period, the fruit tree mainly needs nitrogen; in the young fruit stage, various nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are needed; in the late stage of fruit development, the demand for potassium increases. According to the nutritional characteristics of crops, formulas can be formulated for each period to provide complete nutrition for crops. Depending on the flow and time of irrigation, the amount of fertilizer used per tree or unit area can be accurately calculated.
4, fertilization in a timely manner, nutrient absorption is fast. For intensively managed farms or orchards, it is possible to complete the fertilization responsibility in a short period of time, and the crop growth rate is uniform, which is conducive to the rational deployment of field operations. The author's investigation on the time of fertilization of lychee drip irrigation in Shenzhen Xili fruit field showed that the 52ha lychee could be completed by fertilization for one person for 24 hours, but in the past, it took 32 people to complete it in one week.
5, is conducive to the use of trace elements. Metal trace elements are usually used in a chelated state, which is more expensive, and the micro-irrigation system can accurately supply, improve fertilizer utilization, and reduce application costs.
6. Improve the soil environment. The degree of micro-irrigation can reach more than 90%, which inhibits the soil compaction that may be caused by dredging. Micro-irrigation can maintain good water and gas conditions, and basically does not damage the original soil structure. Because the amount of soil evaporation is small, the time to maintain the humidity of the soil is long, and the microbial growth of the soil is prosperous, which is conducive to the conversion of soil nutrients.
7. The micro-irrigation method can make the crop grow normally under the marginal soil conditions. For example, sand or sand dunes have poor water holding capacity, and there is almost no lateral diffusion of water. Traditional watering is easy to leak deep, and it is usually difficult for crops to grow normally. Micro-fertilization techniques are used to ensure that crops grow normally under these conditions. Foreign countries have used the advanced drip irrigation and fertilization techniques to develop deserts and carry out successful cultivation of commercial crops. Israel has used micro-irrigation and fertilization techniques in the southern desert to produce sweet peppers, tomatoes, flowers, etc., and has become a famous "vegetable basket" base in winter in Europe.
8. The use of micro-irrigation can increase the ability of crops to withstand risks. In recent years, droughts in many areas of southern China have lasted for a long time, and the land using micro-irrigation and fertilization has a bumper harvest and stable yield, while the artificial irrigation plots have low seedling rate and low yield. Because of the good growth, micro-irrigated crops have improved the crop's ability to resist stress.
9. Adopting fertigation techniques is conducive to protecting the environment. China's current fertilization per unit area is among the highest in the world, and the utilization rate of fertilizer is low. Because of unreasonable fertilization, it causes a great waste of fertilizer. The loss of a large number of fertilizers has caused groundwater pollution in some areas and eutrophication of rivers and lakes. After controlling the depth of irrigation, it is possible to avoid the leaching of fertilizer to deep soil, especially the leaching loss of nitrate nitrogen can be greatly reduced, thereby avoiding or reducing the pollution of soil and groundwater.
10. In the fertigation and fertilization, the water and fertilizer interact, and the maximum benefit of water and fertilizer is exerted, which obviously reduces the amount of water used.
The adoption of fertigation techniques is conducive to standardization cultivation, and irrigation fertilization techniques are an important skill in modern agriculture. Irrigation and fertilization has been promoted as a standard skill method in crop cultivation manuals in some areas.
This article URL: Water and fertilizer integration [irrigation and fertilization] what are the benefits
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