In spring, the dormancy period of citrus has ended, the roots begin to move, spring buds sprout, and flower buds appear. As the temperature rises, pests and diseases will also occur one after another. Therefore, the management of fertilizer and water and the control of pests and diseases in spring citrus are very important.
I. Fertilizer management of spring citrus
1. Fertilizer and water management of citrus saplings
In the autumn of last year, the saplings were planted and lived. The fertilization should follow the principle of “eat less mealsâ€. I-year-old saplings are mainly sprayed on the surface of the leaves, supplemented by ground fertilization. The concentration of fertilization on the ground should be dilute. The fertilizer should be mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer. Properly mix with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to promote root growth and make young shoots more. For young trees, the citrus garden should be turned over in February to loosen the soil and enhance soil permeability. Before the spring shoots germination, apply a shoot-promoting fertilizer (mainly with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and supplemented with phosphate fertilizer) to promote spring shoot germination and root growth, and at the same time, apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and other fertilizers to achieve balanced fertilization. Due to the small growth range of sapling roots and weak fertility, the application amount should be applied in a small number of times, and the application method should be applied in a thin groove. Do not apply.
2. Fertilizer management of adult trees
Adult trees require a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various trace elements before flowering. Results The pre-plant buds were mainly nitrogen, and the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were properly matched. If the amount of results in the previous year is small, the growth of the tree body may be less or not applied; if the results of the previous year are many, and the trees are not applied or applied less, the pre-emergence fertilizer must be applied. Generally, from late January to mid-February, 0.2 kg of urea and 0.2-0.3 kg of compound fertilizer should be applied to each adult citrus tree. At the same time of spraying the boron fertilizer during the flowering period, 0.3% urea solution was added for foliar spraying. In order to allow citrus to absorb enough nutrients during the flowering period and increase the fruit setting rate, the pre-flowering fertilizer should be carried out 20 days before the flowering period. The application method is to apply strips, do not apply, and after fertilization Timely irrigation.
3. Fertilizer management of aged trees
The characteristics of the old tree are the spring shoots as the main result. Therefore, the amount of pre-emergence fertilizer should be increased, and the spring shoots should be promoted to lay the foundation for the next year. The fertilizer is also based on nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
4. Clean up the drainage ditch inside and outside the orchard to eliminate stagnant water, so as not to accumulate water in rainy days, affecting root growth and even rotten roots, causing falling flowers and falling fruit. For more than 10 days of dry and hot weather, it is necessary to timely water to keep the soil moist and loose, which is beneficial to the root group. Absorbent and absorbent.
Second, the spring pruning of citrus
The principle of pruning: pruning should be based on the strength of the tree, the amount of results and the amount of flowers, grasp the amount of pruning and the period of pruning. If the tree is strong, the result is normal, and the amount of flowers is more. The amount of pruning should be increased appropriately. The pruning time should be appropriate early, while the previous year's result is high, the tree is weak, and the amount of orange trees is small. The trimming amount should be light, and the trimming time can be appropriately postponed.
Pruned objects: On the basis of winter pruning, spring trimming of autumn shoots and late autumn shoots should be the main task. That is, cut off all late autumn shoots, properly thinning or short-cutting autumn shoots to promote and improve the quality of flower buds. Pay attention to the aging test group (group) and cross branches, overlapping branches for deletion or short processing. In addition, for the orange tree with too high canopy, the canopy should be reduced, the canopy should be lowered, the light conditions inside the canopy can be improved, the new shoots in the canopy can be promoted, and the stereoscopic result pattern can be gradually formed.
Third, citrus preservation and fruit preservation technology
Apply Xiehuafei and strong fruit fertilizer to increase the fruit setting rate. For citrus trees with large amount of tree deviation, apply a high-quality, quick-acting fertilizer at 70% of Xiehua, depending on the size of the canopy. Generally, apply 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 0.3-0.4 kg per plant: The amount of normal or less tree, no nitrogen fertilizer, Xiehua fertilizer only organic fertilizer and phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, in order to inhibit the summer shoots, in order to protect the fruit. Stabilized fruit fertilizer application of potassium fertilizer plus appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer or foliar fertilizer; strong fruit fertilizer should be applied compound fertilizer plus potassium fertilizer. The external top dressing should be sprayed with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate before the flowering of the spring buds, and sprayed with nucleotides in the rainy days, one of which adds 0.1% borax; the young fruit stage combined with pest control or fruit spray 2 3 foliar fertilizers.
Fourth, timely prevention of pests and diseases
Grasp the prevention and control of major pests (flower buds, mites, etc.) that cause falling flowers and fruits and reduce quality. When the size of citrus buds is mung bean, the ground is sprayed on the ground under the canopy after the rain, and the adult buds are killed. When the buds begin to appear white, the canopy is sprayed with dichlorvos to kill the buds. The control of spider mites should be based on the condition of the insects. If the red spiders occur before the spring buds, the stone sulphur mixture should be sprayed on the crown of the whole garden. When the spring leaves turn green after the spring shoots, if the red spiders are severely used, Krut and other killing agents spray once.
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