I. Variety selection
The early-maturing varieties used in the greenhouses in our district are early, early, early, and August, etc. These varieties have a short growth period, and generally only 120 days from sprouting to fruit ripening.
about. Through a series of management such as warming in a solar greenhouse, the early-maturing grapes were harvested and marketed on June 16th, nearly two times earlier than the same variety cultivated in open field.
In the month, even if it is cultivated in a plastic greenhouse with poor thermal insulation properties, it will be harvested about one month earlier than in open areas.
Second, the form of cultivation
To facilitate the management and facilitate the pre-period period, it must be airy and light-transmitting, so as to avoid affecting the growth and results due to the overcasting of the rear roof.
Planting is appropriate, planting from south to north, spacing of 0.51.5 meters, and 667 plants of 667 square meters.
Three, pruning
Our area adopts fan-shaped pruning method. After planting seedlings germinate, choose to keep two robust shoots to grow into main vines. When the new shoots grow to 1.2 to 1.5 meters, they will be picked up and picked.
After leaving the top two leaves repeatedly topping. During winter pruning, all secondary shoots are cut, leaving only two main vines that are 1.2 to 1.5 meters long and 0.8 to 1 centimeter thick.
After germination in the second year, the germinating eyes below 50 cm in the main vines are all wiped off, and the main vines over 50 cm in width are separated by 20 to 25 cm on both sides.
Leave 1 result branch, leaving 4 to 5 branches for each main vine. In winter, except for the top of the main vine, one extension branch from 5 to 7 knots is left, and the canopy is enlarged.
The remaining two to three buds of the basal shoots were short-cut into the resulting mother shoots. After the basic formation of the tree, the cultivation was continued in the second year of the pruning method.
Fourth, temperature and humidity management
1. Expose, cover film time
Generally, the film is covered before the beginning of the frost to protect the grape leaves and extend the photosynthesis time of the leaves, so that the fruits and vines mature better. Because of each
The climatic conditions of the land are different, and the time for exposing and covering the film is different. It is better to buckle the membrane before entering winter (about late October to early November) in Bole area.
Unmasking is generally performed after the night frost has passed and the open air temperature is stable above 20°C. The time is mid-July.
After the greenhouse cover film, when the temperature in the general shed falls below 5°C, it is necessary to cover the straw curtain at night to keep warm, and then to open the straw curtain during the day, so that the temperature in the shed will continue
Continued to maintain a higher level, in order to ensure the full ripening of grape fruit and buds. After the curtain has started, it is required to unwind the curtain 1 hour after sunrise, before sunset 1
Hours cover curtains to improve the insulation effect in the protection facilities.
After the deciduous grapes in the greenhouse and the winter shears are completed, they should not be uncovered until the temperature increases in the second year, so that the grape plants dormant in the dark and dark conditions.
2. Warming and germination
The natural dormancy period of grapes generally goes through about 2 months. The film solar greenhouse can be opened at this time to warm up the germination, that is, at 11 am to unveil the straw
, 4 to 5 pm to cover the straw curtain to promote the gradual increase in the temperature inside the shed. Warming and germination usually takes 30 to 40 days to germinate.
3. Warming and germination
In order to shorten the germination time, the germination should be warmed up in advance of New Year's Day to advance the time for fresh fruit to be marketed. Our district generally starts to warm up and warm up on January 15th.
The first week requires keeping 15-20°C during the day and 5～10°C during the night; the second week maintains 15-20°C during the day and 10-15°C during the night; the third week maintains the daytime 20-25
°C, 10-15 °C at night; 4th week, 25-28 °C during the day, 13-15 °C during the night; 5th week, 25-28 °C during the day, 13-15 °C during the night; 6th week
Holding 25 to 28°C during the day and 13 to 15°C at night, the buds have germinated on February 25th. Until March 26th (when the outside temperature reaches 15°C, the temperature inside the greenhouse
When the temperature reached 28°C) Stop warming and germination. The general heating time is two and a half months.
4. Temperature and humidity control from the bud to the flowering stage
In the case of normal temperature and no major cold invasion, the number of days from the bud to the flowering stage is 40 to 45 days, and the temperature of this period is controlled.
Early harvesting of fruit is extremely important.
From sprouting to flowering, grape shoots grow faster and inflorescence organs continue to differentiate. At normal room temperature, 40 from budding to flowering
Days or so, during the germination period, the room temperature is controlled at 20-28°C during the day and 15-18°C at night; the room temperature is maintained at 20-25°C during the flowering day and the maximum is 28
°C, maintained at 16-18 °C during the night. When the temperature reaches 27°C during the day, ventilation should be used to reduce the temperature and maintain the temperature at about 25°C. Sprout to flowering temperature
High, from the bud to the flowering time is shortened, but prone to leggy, branches are weak, inflorescence differentiation is poor, inflorescence is small, affecting yield, flowering temperature is too high,
The fruit setting rate is reduced, the flowering and fruiting is serious, and the leaves are prone to yellowing and falling off. The focus of temperature management during this period is to ensure that the temperature at night is between 16 and 18°C.
Control daytime temperature at 20 ~ 25 °C, not more than 27 °C, during sunny days, pay attention to ventilation and cooling. When it is cloudy, ensure the temperature is as good as possible.
The wind cools and prevents the plants from becoming leggy. The bud's indoor humidity is controlled at about 85%. Indoor air humidity during flowering should be controlled at about 65%.
5. Temperature regulation during fruit enlargement
In order to promote the rapid expansion of young fruit, the daytime temperature in the shed is controlled at 28 to 30°C and is maintained at 18 to 22°C at night. At this time, the open air temperature is already high.
Wind, so that the temperature within the shed does not exceed 30 °C during the day. After the night cream, when the open air temperature is stable above 20°C, the membrane on the shed edge can be removed to make it inside the shed.
The climatic conditions are similar to those in open ground.
Berries mature (around June 20), in order to increase the tree's nutrient accumulation, increase Sugar, increase the temperature difference between day and night, during the day is still controlled at 28 ~ 30 °C
, The maximum does not exceed 32 °C, the night temperature gradually dropped to 15 ~ 16 °C or less.
V. Soil and Fertilizer Water Management
Soil
In order to make full use of the land and space within the facility and increase economic efficiency, the planting of protected land and the use of intercropping between grapes are often used in land conservation.
The rate is high. It is required to use sandy loam soil and loam soil with high organic matter content, deep soil layer, loose fertility, good ventilation, strong water retention, and good drainage. Diligent
Plowing and weed control reduce the damage of diseases, insects and grasses.
Fertilizer
1 For the production of green grapes for organic fertilizers, the fertilizer used for the protection of the land should be based on organic fertilizers that are decomposed, requiring 6 cubic meters of organic fertilizer at 667 square meters.
On the other hand, 30 kg of 3 kg of potassium sulfate and 30 kg of potassium sulfate were mixed together with organic fertilizer and applied in combination with autumn ploughing in mid-September.
2 Dressing Fertilizer Fertilizer Fertilizer: To promote germination and neatness, in early February, 15 kg of urea was applied with 667 m2 of irrigation water. Topdressing before flowering: Before flowering (4
On the 16th of the month, top dressing was combined with irrigation, and 667 square meters topped with 30 kg of diammonium and 30 kg of potassium sulfate. Fruit enlargement fertilizer: The first fruit expansion to the first half of May
Dafei, 667 square meters topped 30 kg of potassium humate and 20 kg of diammonium. In mid-May Shi second fruit enlargement fertilizer, 667 square meters topdressing potassium humate
20 kg. Spraying foliar fertilizer: from the fruit enlargement stage, spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or calcium nitrate fertilizer every 3 to 5 times every 7 to 10 days to promote the berry
Coloring and dendrite maturation increase fruit sugar content and fruit firmness and enhance resistance.
3. Irrigation
Grapes in protected areas are mainly humidified by irrigation and cooled with membranes and ventilation. The humidity in the facility affects the growth and development of the grapes, especially the
Buds, fruit setting and fruit quality have a great influence. Therefore, in the irrigation process, as much as possible to meet the water demand in different growth periods, reduce the air humidity in the shed
Degree to reduce the incidence of disease.
Irrigation should be based on soil, climate and grape growth. Warming and irrigating were started once, then later on before flowering, after flowering, and during fruit expansion.
During the coloring period, water was poured one time. Irrigate 6 times throughout the growing period.
VI. Management of grape shoots
Wipe the bud
The buds need to be divided into several times. The principle of eradicating the buds is to keep the early germinating buds, to erase the buds that have germinated at a later time, to leave full buds, to thin and weak buds, and to leave the buds of the ear.
, go to the bud without the ear; leave the bud to the upper bud; leave the main bud to the bud. Wiping must be done in time to reduce nutrient consumption, base 30 to 40 cm
In the following cases, 1 or less than 3 vines or vines must be renewed, leaving 1 or 2 buds at the renewal base.
2. Branching
See spikes, ensure ventilation and light transmission conditions, save nutrition, 25 centimeters, 1 branch, 1 not more than 7 spikes, 1 branch 1 string
fruit.
3. Topping
The purpose of topping is to stop growth of new shoots, promote inflorescence growth, flowering, fruit setting, and help increase the fruit setting rate. Enough to pick up the number of leaves, greenhouses
Grapes should be picked up early, the main tip of the heart generally leave 4 to 5 leaves above the ear topping. Go to the auxiliary tip, leaving only one tip of the summer bud, leaving 3-4 leaves repeatedly topping
Keep the air and light through the rack.
Seven, flower and fruit management
Before spraying, the leaves and inflorescences were sprayed with 0.2% boron fertilizer solution. After 10-15 days of flowering, sparse grains were sparse according to the fruit setting. The strong growth results left two branches.
Spike, the result of moderate growth results in 1 spike in the branch, the result of weak growth is no ear. Each ear retains 7 fruit, leaving 60-80 grains per ear.
VIII. Pest Control
When the grapes are racked, thoroughly clean the fallen leaves and the broken branches and burn them together. During the growth period, the auxiliary tip and tendril shall be removed in time to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions. Unearthed
Pre-spray Baume 3 to 5 degrees lime sulfur agent to eliminate residual pathogens on the shoots, spraying 50% carbendazim 600 times before flowering to control gray mold, downy mildew
The powdery mildew was controlled by Cobo, Mandatory, Phoebe and other agents.
Preserved Duck Eggs,Duck Eggs Preserved,Fermented Duck Egg,Songhua Egg
ZHONGSHAN G.H.L. TRADING CO., LTD. , https://www.ghltrade.com