Since the 1980s, chemical anti-drought agents have been widely used in agricultural production. Practice has shown that anti-drought agents have obvious effects on preventing and alleviating the effects of drought-resistant agents on garden plants and fruit trees.
More than 99% of the water that inhibits transpiration of plants from the soil is lost through transpiration. However, the metabolism of plants does not necessarily need to transpire so much water. Therefore, suppression of crop transpiration is an important aspect of drought resistance. At present, anti-transpiration agents (also called anti-drought agents) applied in production are mainly used to reduce the opening degree of plant stomata and slow down the transpiration rate; to improve the water status of plants and to increase the chlorophyll content of leaves so as to facilitate the accumulation of photosynthesis and dry matter. Enhance root vitality and prevent premature aging. Currently, cetearyl alcohol, octadecanol, OED, paraffin wax, beeswax, rubber emulsions, and polyols and polyoxymethylene compounds are widely used at home and abroad. After use, the anti-transpiration agent sprayed on the leaf surface of the plant forms a thin film that prevents the diffusion of water to the atmosphere. The more used anti-draught agent No. 1, also known as FA "green field", was developed for the Institute of Chemistry of the Henan Academy of Sciences. The concentration of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% was selected according to the age of the trees. The canopy was sprayed on the water. Reducing the stomatal opening of leaf, reducing water evaporation and transpiration, to achieve the purpose of drought resistance; FA Dryland Dragon, spraying leaves in the dry season, generally 400 to 500 times the liquid, spray cloth should be full of liquid leaves without drip For degree, it is required that both the positive and negative blades be sprayed. After spraying, the water content of the blade can be increased by 15% to 25%. The effective period of spraying is 17 to 20 days. The spraying interval is 20 days. When the drought occurs, it can be Increase the concentration to 300 times to increase the strength of drought resistance; steaming and moisturizing agent, when the plant is subjected to drought, the spraying concentration is 1% to 2%, the inhibition of evaporation is obvious, the effective period is as long as 20 days; high fat film, which is A steam-inhibiting moisturizer that uses 200 times liquid to spray trees or fruit trees, can effectively inhibit the evaporation of water in garden trees and fruit trees, generally valid for 15 to 20 days; aspirin, in continuous dry weather, with 0.03% to 0.05% of aspirin Spraying the leaves of plants on the solution can significantly reduce water evaporation Enhanced drought resistance.
Inhibition of Soil Water Evaporation An anti-evaporation agent is an emulsion made of a macromolecular compound and is sprayed on the ground to form a layer of cover film on the ground surface, which can inhibit the evaporation of soil moisture. It is characterized by the ability to block the evaporation of soil moisture without affecting the rainfall into the soil. Anti-evaporation products (such as bitumen emulsions) are high-concentration emulsions that are diluted to a prescribed proportion when used and then uniformly sprayed on the surface of the soil. The dosage is 80 to 150 kg/mu. Irregularities will form in 1 to 2 hours. Layered, continuous, multi-molecule membranes prevent soil moisture from entering the atmosphere and reduce ground water evaporation. Soil moisture dissipates directly from the air, mainly through capillary action, or diffuses into the atmosphere as gaseous water. According to tests in various areas, the use of plastic film covering the soil or spraying with a film-forming compound (resin, paraffin, pulp residue, etc.) on the surface of the soil to form a thin film covering the soil surface can effectively prevent the capillary water and gaseous water from being diffused into the atmosphere. It is a better way to protect soil moisture and inhibit its evaporation. In China, cotton, corn, peanuts, watermelons, vegetables, and other crops and nursery plants have been used on a large scale to combat drought and water, which can both protect the soil and increase the temperature. At present, there are many new developments in the film production process. The types are: First, no drip film. This membrane is used in melon greenhouses. When manufactured, “active agents†are used to make the water flow down the membrane and the water droplets do not fall on the vegetables, which greatly reduces the incidence of crop diseases. The second is the film. When herbicides are added during the production, they are used in cold regions and early spring crops, which not only increase the temperature and protect the weeds, but also control weeds. According to the test results, the anti-evaporation agent generally inhibits the evaporation of water by 80% to 90%. The effective period is from 1 month to 1 year and can be widely used in arid areas.
Hygroscopic release of moisture The currently used anti-drought agents are the following: First, Senlu solid water. This is a 3% high molecular polymer extracted from plants and animals through high-tech means. Its role is to cure 97% of the water and gradually release it under suitable conditions to moisten the soil and moisten the root system. The method of use is to embed a suitable amount of Senlu solid water in the root system, to play a role in drought resistance and water retention. The second is "Keke 98" super absorbent resin. Also known as high-efficiency drought and water retention agent, it is refined from Baoding Kezi Resin Co., Ltd., Hebei Province. Its water-absorbing and water-retaining properties make it possible to quickly absorb rainwater and irrigation water, absorb 750 to 1000 times its own weight, achieve 100% water absorption in minutes, and have the characteristics of remission and long service life. A "mini-reservoir" is formed, and then according to the needs of the plant, the supply of water is continuously released, and it is effective for a long period of time without toxic side effects. To use the method according to the size of the tree crown, dig a circular groove around the tree disk, and use the depth to reach the main root distribution layer. Mix the anti-drought water retaining agent with the soil and apply it into the ditch. Sapling plants applied 20-30 grams, adult tree planting 30-50 grams, and then pouring enough water, and then filling the trench to fill the earth. The third is hygroscopic agent. It is a kind of polypropylene compound with excellent water retention properties, and its water absorption and retention properties are very strong. When used, under the canopy drip line, excavate a 12 to 15 cm deep annular groove, apply the moisture absorbent into the groove, and then cover the soil. After the moisture absorbent is applied into the soil, the water can be retained for a long period of time when watering and irrigation, and its water absorption performance can exceed 1000 times of its own weight. It can be used for long-term absorption of garden plants and fruit trees, and the moisture absorption agent expands in water and dehydrates and shrinks. The cyclical changes can increase soil porosity, prevent soil compaction, and favor the growth of plant roots.
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