First, planting
It is suitable for planting after thawing of the soil in mid-October or the following spring and before germination. Plants can be planted in 2m3m rows and 111 plants in 667m2. The planting hole has a depth of 80cm and a width of 1m. The organic fertilizer is applied to the bottom of the hole at the bottom of the hole and can be planted by covering with soil. Practical when planting, pouring enough water, covered with a layer of fine soil.
Second, soil management
2.1 deep turning to improve soil
The strong absorption of root system of plum tree and the good ventilation of the soil are the basic requirements of the orchard. Deep turning can improve the ventilation and permeability of the soil, regulate the temperature of the soil and promote the activity of microorganisms, so that the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be fundamentally improved. Good soil conditions are conducive to root growth and increase the area of ​​absorption. In the depth between rows and rows, it is necessary to dig a ditch with a depth of 40cm and a width of 100cm. It should be shallow near the root and deepen gradually outwards, preferably 10~40cm.
2.2 Cultivating weeds
Every time after deep watering or raining, cultivators should be cultivated to loosen the soil, prevent compaction, preserve fertilizers, keep fertilizers, eliminate weeds, and reduce breeding sites for pests and diseases. The cultivating depth may vary according to different seasons. Early spring is 5~10cm deep, 4~8 months is 3~5cm, and the root system is not to be damaged as much as possible. In November, the cultivating depth is more than 10cm.
2.3 Reasonable Intercropping
In order to make full use of the land space within the park, develop the under-forest economy. Chickens, ducks, etc. can be grown under the forest. Strawberries, peanuts, sweet potatoes, and other dwarf crops can also be planted at forest spacing.
Third, timely and appropriate fertilizer
In the course of one year's growth and development of the plum, in addition to the normal growth results, the flower buds needed for the second year result will also be formed. Therefore, fertilization must be carried out in an appropriate period and in an appropriate amount in order to guarantee a bumper harvest and stable production year after year.
1 period of fertilization
1.1 Base fertilizer: mainly compost, poultry, and animal husbandry, and the appropriate period is from early October to mid-November. It is appropriate to combine deep-seed fertilization with autumn.
1.2 top dressing. Mainly based on the needs of the growth and development of pear trees, nitrogen-based fertilizers are mainly available. Usually before flowering, the growth of new shoots is basically stopped, and the rapid expansion of fruit is applied in different times. One to two to four times.
2 amount of fertilizer
The amount of fertilization for plums was based on soil fat, tree vigor, different varieties, and fertilizer requirements.
2.11~3 years old plum tree. Basal fertilizer in accordance with 667m2 fertilization amount 5000kg above soil miscellaneous fertilizer, top dressing 667m2 applied 30 ~ 60kg urea, human waste 1000kg, nitrate phosphate 25kg.
2.24 years old or above. Base fertilizer in accordance with 667m2 fertilization amount of about 7000kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, top dressing 667m2 urea 60kg or more, about 2000kg of human waste, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30kg, nitrate phosphate 40kg.
3. Fertilization method
3.1 basal fat. Generally from the trunk 30cm from the trunk, centered on the trunk, outward radial, digging 3 to 7 deep and wide 30 ~ 50cm of the ditch, the length of the vertical projection of the crown as the center, after the ditch filled with soil fertilizer, the cover soil Trenches. Or dig around the tree trunk 4~8 points 30~60cm wide, long, and deep, fill it after fertilization. Attention should be paid to the location of the digging hole every year. When basal fertility is applied, the depth and width of the digging trench should be determined according to the root size and the amount of fertilizer. In lands with high groundwater levels, fertilization should be shallow to prevent rot. Generally, the crown is small, close to the trunk, the main root can be shallow, and the fertilizer can be less.
3.2 Top dressing. Ground fertilization with multi-use points. That is, under the canopy, around the periphery, according to the size of the canopy, 4 to 8 holes with a diameter of about 30 cm are dug, and the fertilizer is uniformly applied, watered and filled. Foliar fertilizer is commonly used 0.3% ~ 0.4% urea, 0.3% ~ 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5% ~ 1.0% superphosphate, 0.1% ~ 0.2% iron, zinc and other trace elements, 20% ash leaching liquid. Note that foliar fertilizer can be applied simultaneously with spraying. In order to prevent shoots from being poisoned by fertilizer poisoning, they can be sprayed on cloudy or sunny afternoons. The use of young trees is low, and the use of mature trees can be high.
IV. Timely irrigation and drainage
According to the growth characteristics of plum, the amount of water needed in the early stage is large and the latter stage is small. During the year, the spring rains are more irritating, which is beneficial to growth, flowering, and fruition. After summer and autumn, there is little rain, so long as it is not excessive drought, it will help Li to improve its quality.
4.1 Drainage
Lishu is a drought-fighting and flooded tree species. It is most likely to drown in places with 2 to 3 days of stagnant water. Pay attention to drainage, especially in summer and autumn.
4.2 Irrigation
Although Li Shu is drought-tolerant, long-term drought will also affect the results. Therefore, timely watering can ensure high yields.
Pulling branches is used to open the angle; for those with fewer branches, light shearing is required to promote branching so as to cultivate lateral branches; for weaker branches, it is necessary to raise the angle of its branches and extend the branches appropriately. . Leave more branches to increase their growth potential.
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