What are the main points of the bud grafting technology in walnut protection? The main points of bud breeding in walnut protection field are the preparation and management of rootstock, the collection and processing of scion, the technical points of bud grafting and the management after the seedling, the packaging and transportation of seedlings, etc. The small series will then elaborate on the technology of bud grafting in the protected area of ​​walnut. I hope to help everyone.
1 Rootstock preparation and management
1.1 Nursery selection
Choose a local crop walnut nursery with convenient transportation, good irrigation and drainage conditions, gentle terrain, leeward sun, loose soil, soil pH value 6.5~8.0, and ensure the rotation period of more than 2 years.
1.2 Rootstock selection
One to two-year-old walnut seedlings cultivated in the nursery were selected as rootstocks. At the same time, the base of the seedlings was thicker than 1.2 cm, the height of the seedlings was above 30 cm, the length of the main roots was more than 18-20 cm, and the lateral roots were developed without damage.
1.3 Rootstock transplanting
In the month from November to the second year of January, the selected rootstocks were cut at 2~3 cm above the ground diameter, the main roots were cut to 18 cm, the lateral roots were cut to 12 cm, and transplanted into the protected land. The transplanting density was 50 cm in row spacing and 20 cm in plant spacing.
1.4 Temperature Management
After the rootstock is transplanted, the temperature is gradually increased. The temperature during the daytime is 20~28 °C, and the night temperature is 8~15 °C. When the root height reaches 20 cm, the daytime temperature is 26~32 °C, and the nighttime temperature is 16~23 °C.
1.5 Selection of grafted grafts
One of the many sprouting branches sprouted from the rootstock is selected to be used as a bud rootstock. When the rootstock grows to a height of 40-50 cm, it is topped to promote the thick growth of the rootstock.
1.6 Fertilizer and water management
The rootstock seedlings should be irrigated once every 7 days when transplanted to the protected land. When the rootstock seedlings are as high as 10 cm, the urea should be applied in combination with irrigation for 150 kg/hm 2 .
2 Scion collection and processing
2.1 Scion selection
Choose the fine varieties that have been tested and tested in the local area and have been successfully tested and approved. The main planting and pollinating varieties were selected, and the mixed ratio of the main varieties to the pollinated varieties was 4:1 or 5:1.
2.2 Scion collection
The picking branches were topped 1 week before the scion was collected. Select the middle and upper parts of the canopy of the improved mother tree to collect the annual development branch with diameter ≥1.0 cm, semi-lignification and no pests and diseases as the scion.
2.3 Scion treatment
Immediately after the scion is taken, the compound leaves are removed, and each 20 to 30 pieces are tied into a bundle. In the process of handling the scion, mark it by type and quantity to avoid mechanical damage.
2.4 Scion storage
When there is no temporary storage of the scion grafted on the same day, the scion should be scattered in a cool cellar covered with a wet sack or a damp cloth. The storage time should not exceed 3 days.
3 budding
The block-shaped bud connection method is used, and the germination time is from May to July.
3.1 Cutting anvil
A bud of the semi-lignified part of the rootstock seedling is selected as a grafting site for cutting the anvil.
3.2 Pick up buds
Select the full bud in the middle of the ear, cut 1 knife at 1 cm from the bud, and pick it with a knife on the bud side and tear off the epidermis 0.1~0.2 cm. The bud should have a vascular bundle (protective bud) meat).
3.3 cutting rootstock
For comparison with the buds, a long square skin of the same size was taken in the smooth part of the rootstock in the same way as the buds.
3.4 Embedding the buds and binding
Place the square buds removed from the scion upwards into the rootstock incision so that the upper and lower skin layers of the buds are aligned with the skin layer of the rootstock incision; the interface is ligated with a plastic strip 15 cm long, 3 cm wide and 0.025 mm thick. Tight and exposed buds.
4 After management
4.1
Timely erase the sprout on the rootstock after the pick-up, reducing nutrient consumption and competition.
4.2 Cutting anvil and untie
When the bud sprouts about 5 cm, the rootstock at 1 cm above the bud is cut off; when the bud new shoots 4~5 leaves, the bound plastic strip can be removed.
4.3 Soil and fertilizer management
It is not suitable for irrigation in the first week after bud grafting, and once every 7 days; when the sprouting new shoots grow to a height of about 20 cm, combined with watering and applying compound fertilizer 150 kg/hm 2 , starting from August, every 10 months ~15 d Spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once to promote seedling lignification.
4.4 Disease prevention
The main pests and diseases are powdery mildew, aphids, red spiders, etc.
Powdery mildew prevention and treatment: in the early stage of the disease, it is sprayed with 20% triadimefon emulsifiable concentrate 800 times or 25% powdered rusting 600 times solution;
Control of locusts: In the early stage of the disease, 10% imidacloprid WP can be sprayed with 2 000 times of liquid spray;
Red spider control: In the early stage of the disease, it was sprayed with 1.8% avermectin EC 1 000~1 500 times.
4.5 Topping
When the new shoots of the buds grow to 60 cm, they are topped in time to promote the lignification of the branches.
5 seedlings out
The basic requirements for qualified seedlings are non-quarantine pests and diseases, the purity of the variety is ≥95%, there is no sprouting under the interface, no ligatures and bruises. The grading standards for seedlings are as follows: Grade I seedling height ≥ 40 cm, ground diameter ≥ 1.2 cm, main root length ≥ 25 cm, number of side I roots larger than 5 cm ≥ 13; Grade II seedling height ≥ 20~ 39 cm The ground diameter is ≥0.9~1.1 cm, the main root length is ≥12~24 cm, and the number of I-level lateral roots larger than 5 cm is 7~12.
6 Seedling packaging and transportation
After the emergence of the seedlings, every 20~50 plants are bundled into bundles. The seedlings that need to be transported long distances should be filled with moisturizers in the roots, and the variety and quantity should be marked. At the same time, the label is placed on the outer packaging of the seedlings, and the number, variety, seedling age, seedling level, date of export, number of the plant, place of origin and unit, receiving place and unit are marked, and planted or planted immediately after reaching the destination.
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