“It’s really good. I didn’t expect the South to have such a large area of ​​soybean planting area.†Recently, the Oil Crop Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences held a seminar on the development of southern soybean industry and high-quality and high-yield soybean breeding in Qianjiang City, Hubei Province. When the bus inspected in the field turned over the Hanjiang levee, as the car slowly drove down the dyke, the 10,000-mu-long gratifying soybean in Qianjiang Bamboo Town was slowly greeted, and the delegates even praised it.
Zhugentan Town used to be the “hometown of cottonâ€. The 40,000 mu cotton fields planted in previous years have now been completely converted into soybean fields. The local farmers in Qianjiang did not expect that the "lazy beans" that were originally sprinkled only on the southern Tianzhu Ditch can now become the first crop in the dry field of Qianjiang.
China's soybeans have three major producing areas, namely the Northeast, Huanghuai and Yangtze River basins and the southern soybean producing areas. Experts at the meeting believe that it is meaningful to accelerate the development of southern soybean producing areas with relatively small planting areas.
At the seminar, the academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and Professor of Nanjing Agricultural University said in his special report on "Developing the Southern Green Soybean Industry" that the southern soybean industry should follow the path of green development, strengthen the organic integration of science and technology, and improve the southern soybean seed industry. The production, processing and industrial chain, the construction of the attack and association, the formation of a variety of characteristics, to meet the diversified needs of the soybean product system, the establishment of the Southern Soybean Industry Alliance.
Look at the variety - high protein content, good processing quality
“The types of soybean varieties in the southern region are rich and diverse. Among the varieties cultivated, whether it is local varieties or new varieties, they are mainly high-protein soybeans, and the processed soybean products have high yield and good quality.â€
Zhou Xinan, a researcher at the Institute of Oil Research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that the southern soybeans doubled as a nesting area. During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, 125 soybean varieties were cultivated in the southern region, with 24 trials in China and 28 high-protein varieties. More than 50%, 35 varieties of fresh soybeans for food, the quality basically meets export requirements.
Among them, the geographical conditions of Hubei are very suitable for the growth of high protein soybeans. Zhou Xin'an said that the high-quality soybean varieties currently promoted in Hubei Province, for example, the protein content of Zhongdou 33, Edou 8 and Zhonghuang 13 are more than 45%, and the average protein content of soybean in Hubei Province is 43.44%. It is 19.98%, which is especially suitable for the production of high quality soybean products, which is conducive to the development of soybean processing industry.
The protein content of Qianjiang soybean is high, with an average of 46.96% and a maximum of 49.60%. It is at the leading level in the country, and the soybean raw materials and products market is active. Shu Min, deputy secretary of Qianjiang Municipal Party Committee, said that the Qianjiang soybean planting area is located in the dry land area of ​​the Hanjiang River and Dongjing River Basin. It is a region where the rural economic development of Qianjiang River is relatively lagging. To enlarge and strengthen the soybean industry is to cultivate a new growth point of the rural economy. An important measure.
Calculated income - good seed good method, good green planting efficiency
Soybean is not only an important land-raising crop, it can improve and fertilize the soil, or it is a better rinsing in crop rims, which is 15%-20% higher than that of cereal crops. It is in the green development of agriculture. important. Gai believes that the key to improving soybean planting efficiency is science and technology. Soybean planting in the southern region has great potential, and it should keep pace with the soybean technology teams in Northeast China and Huanghuai.
Soybean breeding is one of the important means to enhance the scientific and technological content. In recent years, the promotion of intercropping soybeans in the southern region has resulted in the production of a number of high-yielding and anti-yin varieties. The Nandou 12 and Nandou 20 varieties in Sichuan and Chongqing have basically replaced the local varieties such as Zigong Dongdou, which was originally planted in large areas. Varieties such as Huachun No. 2 and Guichun No. 8 in South China have played a role in the production of corn and cassava intercropping soybeans.
Good seed good methods also need to be matched. The corn-soybean ribbon composite planting technology proposed by Yang Wenzhao, a professor at Sichuan Agricultural University, has become the main push technology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Agriculture for 11 consecutive years. Through the combination of high stalk and dwarf stalk, the field selection technique of “selecting varieties, expanding spacing and reducing plant spacing†is adopted. The corn line has a marginal advantage, which can increase the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate by 20%-30% and reduce the pesticide application rate by 10%-15%.
Through the expansion of the line width to 1.8-2 meters, the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, the mechanization of the species, tube and harvest was realized. The net income of corn is increased by 400 to 600 yuan, which not only increases the income of farmers, but also increases the supply of high-quality edible soybeans without reducing the grain.
According to Zhou Xinan, a researcher who has been researching in the soybean production area of ​​Jianghan Plain for a long time, in recent years, the contiguous planting of soybeans in counties such as Zhongxiang and Honghu in Hubei Province is relatively large. At the beginning of September 2017, the purchase price of early-cooked bean fields was 2.52-2.55 per catty. Yuan, calculated based on 300 kg per mu, the total income can reach 760 yuan. The local soybean planting cost is about 160 yuan per mu. Without the labor and irrigation costs, the net income per mu is about 600 yuan.
Seeking development - Soybean industry chain will have a lot to offer
Experts attending the meeting believe that domestic soybeans must follow a differentiated competition route. Hu Yaohui, a professor at Jilin Agricultural University, suggested to identify the market positioning of domestic soybeans, use the characteristics of domestic soybeans with high protein content and mainly for consumption, develop soybean protein processing industry, upgrade the standardization and industrialization of traditional soybean processing industry, and realize healthy food. Leisure and leisure foods are healthy.
"In the market, many soybean prices in the southern region are higher than those in the northeast and Huanghuai varieties, forming a soybean price system in the south and north." Nanhai Agricultural University professor Nian Hai believes. For example, he said that because some soybean products manufacturers in Guangdong need high-quality raw materials and produce local specialty soy products, the price of soybeans in Guangdong Heyuan and Hunan Xintian is as high as 4 yuan per catty, and the supply is in short supply.
In Guangdong, initiated by South China Agricultural University, the province's scientific research institutions and 11 leading enterprises in Guangdong's soybean products industry, established the Guangdong soybean industry technology innovation alliance, including soybean breeding and raw material production, yuba, soybean meal, soy milk and soy milk powder, Bean flower, bean sprouts, soy sauce and other production enterprises.
The alliance focuses on serving soybean planting and traditional bean products processing industry in Guangdong Province, gradually forming a unique research and operation network of soybean products, and the industrial value chain that runs through the upstream and downstream of soybean industry elements, opening up a new space for the development of soybean processing enterprises.
Soybean processing companies in the South have strong demand for quality soybeans, especially high-protein soybeans. Guan Min, general manager of Hubei Qianjiang Tastes Company, said that in order to seek greater development, the company has stable raw material security, and transferred thousands of acres of land in Zhugentan Town to establish its own high-protein soybean breeding and production base. The development model of “promoting and breeding, production and sales†has improved the economic benefits of the soybean industry chain.
In addition, there are soy products processing enterprises such as Dou Bang and Shipai in Jingmen, Hubei, which produce soy products such as bean paste, bean hull, tofu and dried bean curd. Jingmen Fuhuida Biotechnology Co., Ltd. has established a modern leisure bean production line, mainly producing healthy and leisure food. The soy protein isolate produced by Hubei Yunmeng Plant Protein Factory is sold at home and abroad.
“China’s soybean acreage is first in the northeast and then in Huanghuai. In recent years, the southern soybean processing industry has developed rapidly, and there is a lot of room for improvement in planting area.†Chief Scientist of National Soybean Industrial Technology System, Researcher of Crop Science Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Han Tianfu believes that the more economically developed regions, the greater the consumption of soy products, the high demand for high-protein soybean varieties in the southern region, and the large amount of soybean scientific research talents and germplasm resources in the south, and the scientific and technological strength is at the forefront of the country.
From Guangdong and Guizhou to Hubei, many processing enterprises in the southern region need high-quality soybeans. Experts at the meeting suggested that the selection, promotion and application of high-quality and high-yield soybean varieties should be accelerated. Zhang Xuekun, deputy director of the Institute of Oil Materials of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said with emotion that in the past, Haotian was used to grow grain, and soybeans were planted on the fields. This gave the vitality of the "soybean spirit" and formed a diet with thousands of Chinese people. The "soy culture" that cannot be separated.
Not only that, as Chinese culture goes to the world, many international students bring "old godmothers" abroad. Nowadays, with the changes in people's eating habits and the rapid development of the soybean processing industry, soybean cultivation has ushered in new opportunities, and southern soybeans should also be able to make a difference. (Farmers Daily)
This article URL: Is it suitable for planting soybeans in the South? Southern Soybean Variety Selection and Planting Skills
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