Cucumbers have always been popular in the market, especially in the winter, our cucumber sales are not so much, which requires our greenhouse cucumber, so how much do we know about greenhouse cucumber cultivation technology?
First, greenhouse cucumber cultivation
1 Cucumber spring early cultivation technology
Early spring cultivation is the main glimpse. The technical points: 1 rooting nursery, large temperature difference during seedling, exercise seedlings, up to 0 °C at night, no ventilation during the day to reach 30 °C ~ 40 °C. 2 shed shed two weeks in advance, sealed, grilled, cucumber warm, requires the ground temperature is higher than 10 ° C or 12 ° C, so cover the mulch a week in advance. 3 Use temporary cold insulation measures to prevent cold weather before and after the Qingming. Surrounded by straw curtains, it can be raised by 2°C~3°C, or it can be heated by open flame. It is also possible to smoke outside the greenhouse from 5 am to 6 am, and there must be no smoke to prevent frost. 4 wide rows of densely planted, 70~100 cm row spacing, plant spacing 20~25 cm, the north and south of the greenhouse, the same ridge direction. Planting in sunny morning, watering after planting, to ease the seedlings, closed greenhouses 5~7 days after planting, is conducive to raising ground temperature. 5 5~7 days after planting, the seedling water is poured, the seedlings are cultivated, and the root melon is placed after the melon. 6 Ventilation management, closed 5~7 days after planting, use top wind to start ventilation, dehumidification and heat; mid-term waist wind, knot bottom wind, no bottom wind before mid-May.
2 autumn post-cultivation
The plastic greenhouses are cultivated in the autumn after the high temperature and rain, the disease is heavier, the cultivation is difficult, the yield is low, the output value is low, and the cultivation area is small.
Second, greenhouse cucumber grafting technology
1 Common methods of grafting
The grafting method varies depending on the type of vegetables. Cucumber grafting methods mainly include the docking method and the plugging method. Both methods have their pros and cons. The grafting method is slow, but the survival rate is high. The grafting method is fast, but the survival rate is low.
2 Management after grafting
Temperature is the most important factor. The small arch shed can guarantee the temperature and humidity above 90%; the light is blocked from 10:00 am to 15:00 pm to prevent wilting; the first day, 25°C~28°C during the day and 17°C~20°C at night, relative The humidity is 95%, and there are water drops on the film. If it is planted after October, prevent the temperature from falling. Do not pour too much water and spray with watering can. After 3 days, the relative humidity of the seedbed is 70%~80%, 22°C~24°C during the day and 14°C~17°C at night. , can increase the light appropriately. After 7 days, all the shading materials were removed; 11~12 d, the small arch shed was removed, and the seedlings were broken and the roots were broken.
Third, greenhouse cucumber, autumn and winter, a large management technology
1 variety
Select late maturing, strong growth potential, low temperature, low light, resistant to pests and diseases, such as: Jinchun No. 3, Xintai Mia (special varieties of protected areas).
2 grafting cultivation
Black seed pumpkin is used as a rootstock.
3 re-application of base fertilizer (organic fertilizer)
The amount of fertilizer can be doubled that of ordinary vegetables. Generally, it is cultivated in greenhouse, and the amount of fertilizer applied is more than 1×104 kg per 0.067 hm2. Winter ditch irrigation can reduce the relative humidity of the air.
4 appropriate thinning
Cucumbers are bright, the greenhouse light is weak in winter, and the stems and leaves are easy to grow or flower melons. The planting density is 70~80 cm, and the plant spacing is 20~30 cm.
5 temperature control
Planting to slow seedlings, generally not ventilation, slow seedling to sitting melon, sunny day maximum 25 ° C, night 15 ° C, high temperature, too much water, resulting in shallow roots, stems and leaves long. After sitting on the melon, the temperature can be appropriately increased to promote the root system.
6 Water Management
After planting, the planting water is planted, the seedling water is slowed down, and the seedlings are less watered to promote root growth. After the root melon appears, it is 10~13 cm, that is, the melon is placed and then watered. The water in the melon period is constant.
7 greenhouse hangers, vines, pruning and topdressing
The faucet of the plant should be consistent, the stems and vines should be kept falling and the top of the sling should be of sufficient length. In the winter and spring, the main vines are mainly melons. In the first half of the season, the side vines below 10 knots are removed. After April, the side vines are left behind. When you are pruning, you can go to male flowers, tendrils, etc. In the melon period, concentrated sulfuric acid (98%) is mixed with water in a ratio of 1:3, and ammonium bicarbonate is added to react to release carbon dioxide for crop photosynthesis, and ammonium sulfate can be used as a fertilizer.
Fourth, greenhouse cucumber facility condition management
1 temperature
Cucumbers are not heat-resistant, generally 昼25°C~30°C, night 13°C~15°C, and the temperature difference between day and night is 10°C~17°C. The ideal temperature difference between day and night is about 10°C. Adapted to the characteristics of large temperature difference between day and night in the greenhouse, the seedlings with large temperature difference have many roots, strong underground, strong resistance, more female flowers, and lower female nodes. The requirements for ground temperature are stricter and more sensitive than the temperature requirements. . The roots are warm and cold, and the roots grow at a suitable temperature of 20 ° C ~ 30 ° C, below 12 ° C ~ 13 ° C, growth stagnation. Early spring or winter and spring seedlings pay attention to increase soil temperature.
2 lighting
Due to the origin, cucumber is suitable for softer light, with a saturation point of 4.5×104 lux, is not resistant to glare, and has a certain resistance to negative, with a compensation point of 5,000 lux. In the protected area, light is more beneficial to cucumber.
3 moisture
Cucumber roots are shallow in soil and have weak water absorption capacity. They can only use the moisture in the surface soil. However, the cucumber leaves are large and thin, and the transpiration is large. Therefore, cucumbers are not wet and drought-tolerant. In addition, the roots of cucumbers are good, and they are prone to rooting under the conditions of water accumulation, so they are afraid of cockroaches.
4 Soil nutrients
Cucumber likes fertilizer, but its ability to resist fertilizer and poor fertilizer absorption must be based on organic fertilizer. Topdressing should be chased after light chasing, a small amount of meals; hi soil loose, rich in organic matter, good ventilation, soil that retains water and maintains fertility, Other vegetables need more organic fertilizer.
V. Common diseases and preventive measures of greenhouse cucumber
1 Cucumber downy mildew
Pathogenesis: Cucumber downy mildew can occur all year round. However, 15 ° C ~ 20 ° C is most suitable for downy mildew, if the temperature is higher than 30 ° C or below 10 ° C, the disease is less likely to occur. The relative humidity of the disease is more than 83%, and if the relative humidity is below 60%, the disease prevalence can be controlled.
Control measures: 1 select disease-resistant varieties; 2 try to make cucumber leaves without water drops; 3 chemical control: prevention and treatment of cucumber downy mildew, there are many types of drugs, mainly: DuPont Kelu 750 times liquid, spray every 7 days 1 Second, the first time of the disease can be controlled once or twice. In winter, it is best to use bacteriostatic agent and powder to prevent and control, which can reduce the humidity. Pluc, enoylmorpholine, metalaxyl (Russin), 300-500 times baking soda and salt spray can also be controlled.
2 Cucumber powdery mildew
Also known as white hair, white mold, can occur from the seedling stage to the adult stage, mainly invading the leaves, but also damage the stem and petiole, generally do not harm the fruit. In the early stage of the disease, on the leaf surface or the back surface, a small white spot on the young stem is produced, and then gradually enlarges into a contiguous white powder with no obvious edge. When the disease is serious, the whole leaf is covered with white powder. At the late stage of the disease, the white powder gradually turns gray. The leaves turn yellow and dry, and generally do not fall off.
Prevention and treatment methods and methods: 1 selection of resistant varieties, generally resistant to downy mildew cucumber varieties are also more resistant to powdery mildew. 2 Chemical control, the quality fraction of 15% powder rust WP can be selected, or 20% rusting emulsifiable concentrate 2,000 ~ 3,000 times liquid, the control effect is obvious, the effective period can reach more than 20 days. Or 50% methyl thiophanate WP 500 times solution, or 50% carbendazim WP 500 times solution.
These are the cultivation techniques of greenhouse cucumbers and the preventive measures for encountering diseases. I hope to have some help for greenhouse cucumber planting friends!
Urine analyzer is an automated instrument for determining certain chemical components in urine. It is an important tool for automated urine inspection in medical laboratories. This instrument has the advantages of simple and fast operation. However, improper use of urine analyzers and many intermediate links and influencing factors directly affect the accuracy of automated analysis results, which will not only cause errors in experimental results, but even delay diagnosis. Therefore, operators are required to understand the principles, performance and precautions of automated instruments. And the knowledge of influencing factors and other aspects are fully understood, and the correct use of automated instruments can make the results obtained by the urine analyzer more reliable and accurate.
application
In the 1950s, a single dry chemical test strip method was used to measure protein and glucose in urine, and the changes in the color of the test strip were observed with the naked eye and compared with the standard plate to obtain the corresponding values. In the 1980s, due to the high development and widespread use of computer technology, automated urine analyzers also developed rapidly, gradually developing from semi-automatic to fully-automated. Urine analyzers are often divided into two categories according to the test items: â‘ 8-11 screening combined urine test strips mainly used for newly diagnosed patients and health examinations. The eight test items included protein, glucose, PH, ketone bodies, bilirubin, urobilinogen, red blood cells (occult blood) and nitrite; in addition to the above eight tests, urine leukocyte test was added to the nine test items. On the basis of 9 of the 10 urine analyzer testing items, the urine specific density test was added. 11 testing items have added vitamin C testing. â‘¡It is mainly used for the observation of the curative effect of the diagnosed diseases, such as the combination test strip of PH, protein and occult blood (red blood cells) for kidney disease; the combination test strip of PH, sugar and ketone body for diabetes; the combination of bilirubin and urobilinogen for liver disease test tape.
principle
This type of instrument is generally controlled by a microcomputer, and the color change on the test strip is measured semi-quantitatively by using a spherical integrator to receive dual-wavelength reflected light. There are several reagent pads containing various reagents on the reagent strip, each of which reacts independently with the corresponding components in the urine, and displays different colors. The depth of the color is proportional to a certain component in the urine, and there is another in the reagent strip" Compensation pad", as the urine background color, compensates for the errors caused by colored urine and instrument changes.
Put the reagent strip with urine adsorbed in the colorimetric tank of the instrument, and the various reagent pads that have produced chemical reactions on the reagent strip are illuminated by the light source, and the reflected light is received by the spherical analyzer, and the photocell of the spherical analyzer is reflected. Irradiate with dual-wavelength light (measurement light passing through the filter and a reference light), and the selection of each wavelength is determined by the detection item.
The instrument automatically calculates the reflectance according to the following formula, and then compares it with the standard curve, and automatically finds and prints the corresponding results of various components. If the content of a certain component in the urine is high, the reflected light of the corresponding reagent pad is dark, otherwise it is strong.
Reflectance fraction: R(%)=Tm.Cs/TsCm×100%
In the formula, R(%) is the reflectivity; Tm is the reflection intensity of the reagent pad to the measurement wavelength; Ts is the reflection intensity of the reagent pad to the reference wavelength; Cm is the reflection intensity of the calibration pad to the measurement defect length; Cs is the calibration pair. Reflection intensity at the reference wavelength.
Medical Urine Analyzer,Semi Automatic Urine Analyzer,Urine Analyzer and Strips,Accurate Urine Analyzer
Jilin Sinoscience Technology Co. LTD , https://www.contoryinstruments.com