Molecular Genetic Studies on the Meat Quality, Abdominal Lipid and Pigment Traits in Chicken

Recently, the key project of the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation under the auspices of Academician Wu Changxin of the College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, passed the appraisal of the “Basic Research on Molecular Genetics of Chicken Meat Quality, Abdominal Lipid and Pigment Characters”, and was led by Professor Chen Yuxin of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The appraisal committee unanimously agreed that the research in this project has reached an international advanced level, and suggested that further research on the molecular genetics of China's characteristic high-quality broiler chickens be conducted. This study established the silkworm Bacterial genome artificial chromosome (BAC) library, the genome coverage rate was more than 10 times, the insertion rate of the 100-300kb genome reached more than 90%, and the chimerism rate of the library was 5-6%. Gene research provides important resources and platforms. The effect of the insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) gene on the carcass performance of chickens and the effect of the melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) gene on abdominal fat and carcass traits in chickens have been shown to improve meat quality and reduce belly fat. Fat and production costs are of great significance. The first report on the effects of the melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R) gene, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP-1) gene and Agouti-related protein (Agrp) gene on melanin traits in black-bone chickens at home and abroad was reported. These studies are of great significance to the improvement of meat quality in broilers and the conservation of broiler chicken feed. At present, on the domestic market, high-quality broilers are generally sold at a price of 2 yuan per kilogram faster than fast-growing broilers, and the price of special-quality chickens is even twice that of fast-large broilers. Through the selection of broiler meat quality, the quality of broilers can be improved, and the price can be increased accordingly, such as the selection of muscle fiber diameter and intermuscular fat, and the improvement of the taste of chicken; the choice of skin color, color, etc. can be adapted to the preferences of consumers. , while strengthening the nutrition of chicken. Calculating the annual output of 1.5 billion high-quality broilers in the country, each of them has gained more than 100 grams each during the breeding period, and is calculated as more than RMB 2 per kg, which can increase income by RMB 300 million. In terms of reducing the cost of broiler production, the fat content has a great impact. Whether it is a fast-sized broiler or a high-quality broiler, abdominal fat is not needed. Too much fat reduces the carcass quality and wastes feed. According to the calculation of energy conversion, each gram of fat needs to consume more than 10 grams of feed. In China, 3.5 billion broilers are slaughtered each year. The average abdominal fat content of each chicken is 60 grams. If 30 grams of abdominal fat is reduced, 1.05 million tons of feed will be saved. When the price per ton of feed is 2,000 yuan, the cost of feed can be saved by 2 billion yuan, which also greatly reduces food consumption. Through the research of this group, we have found a gene that has a significant effect on peripheral fat deposition, the chicken extracellular fatty acid binding protein (EX-FABP) gene, and its dominant genotype is 30 g lower than that of the inferior genotype. In addition, a PCR diagnostic kit was developed for the detection technology of this gene locus. The detection of this gene locus was significantly associated with abdominal fat content and abdominal fat rate traits in Beijing Youji and Hainan Wenchang chicken populations. Is expected to promote the application of these varieties. We found that the MC4R, IGF-1, IGF-2 genes were significantly associated with abdominal fat and carcass traits, and their genetic effects were further tested in breeding populations. The project team Dr. Deng Xuemei made a report to the assessment expert. The appraisal meeting was chaired by Chai Ting, the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission’s results office, Huang Yuping, deputy secretary-general of the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation, Wu Haiqin, deputy director of the Science and Technology Department of the university, and Bai Yuhua, chief of the Intellectual Property and Achievements Division, attended the appraisal meeting.

Extraction Kit Magnetics Bead Method

This standard specifies the terms and definitions, classification, technical requirements, test methods, identification, labels and instructions for use, packaging, transportation and storage of nucleic acid extraction kits (magnetic beads method) (hereinafter referred to as "kits"). This standard It is suitable for extracting and purifying human genomic nucleic acid and its fragments from various clinical samples such as serum, plasma, whole blood, cerebrospinal fluid, milk, saliva, urine, sputum, swab, tissue or paraffin-embedded tissue by magnetic bead method , Pathogen nucleic acid kit. Pathogen nucleic acid includes deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), etc. This standard does not apply to nucleic acid extraction reagents contained in closed systems that cannot extract nucleic acid extraction products for detection.

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