First, the environmental requirements of persimmon in the annual average temperature of 13 ~ 18 °C; 6 to August average fruit temperature 18 ~ 19 °C (Shilin County, the distribution of elevation 1600 ~ 1900 meters); 2 ~ August sunshine hours of 1400 hours The above; annual rainfall of 700 to 1200 mm; 7.2 °C low temperature 800 to 1000 hours can be cultivated. Strict requirements for soil, soil pH value of 5 to 7 of the mountains, hills, rivers and beaches can be cultivated.
2. Variety Selection Shilin County has introduced 21 varieties from the Fruit Research Institute of Shaanxi Province and the Nagano County Fruit Testing Center of Japan since 1988. After experiments and demonstrations, Shiro and Kikawa Jiro were selected as the promotion varieties.
Third, a high standard of building a garden (a) close planting. Medium density planting was adopted and 111 plants were planted in acres (row spacing 23 meters). 42 plants (44 meters), 33 plants (45 meters), 222 plants (1.53 meters), and 333 plants (12 meters) were economical.
(II) Quality of Seedlings
1. Grafted seedlings: roots and stems thicker than 0.8 cm above the height of 80 cm, there are 4 to 5 full shoots within the plastic belt, requires more developed root system, there are more than three lateral roots.
2. Seedlings (junge relics): Crude diameter is 0.8 cm or more and height is 80 cm or more. The root system is more developed and there are 3 or more lateral roots.
(c) Methods and time of colonization. Dig a planting hole with a diameter of 1 meter and a depth of 0.8 meters, or a planting groove with a width of 1 meter and a depth of 0.8 meters, or a plant with a depth of 0.8 meters. 50 to 100 kg of organic manure per plant, 2 kg of superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. If the soil is acidic, add 2 kg of lime to each plant and mix well with the soil to make a tree 30 cm above the ground. Plate or planting belt, the seedlings into the filling, while filling the soil to raise the seedlings, filling slightly higher than the interface, so that the root system and the soil full contact, practical after the water permeable, covering the film or organic matter; To improve the survival rate of persimmon, Before planting, soak with 100PPM No. 1 rooting powder diluted solution for 30 minutes or sprayer rooting; after the end of colonization, leave 0.8m to dry. In order to avoid the drought in winter and spring and promote root recovery, reduce the time of spring and slow seedlings, change the winter and spring planting for autumn planting from October to November.
Fourth, soil and fertilizer water management (a) soil management. Planting the spring and summer of the following year, combining topdressing with two cultivators for weeding, in late May, use 10% glyphosate water solution 0.4-0.8 kg 60 times liquid, 200 g 400-600 times liquid farmer Le 747 spray, control annual weeds In late June, Alfalfa is planted with light leaves. From October to November, it is turned into orchards to improve the soil, make ground cover or feed (3000 kg of fresh grass per mu), and the assimilation flow of perennial weeds occurs from mid-July to late August. Under transportation, use 10% glyphosate 1.5-1.8 kg 40 times spray per acre. In October and November, combined with basal fertilizer, covering 5-8 cm of organic matter after shallow ploughing, spray 200-400 400-500 times per acre on moist organic matter after rain, which can maintain water, keep warm, increase soil organic matter, Avoid the white pollution caused by mulching and reduce the time spent on soil tillage.
(b) Scientific fertilization. Sweet persimmon slow seedling period than peach, pear, grow slightly slower after the first year of planting, in addition to applying base fertilizer when planting, it is necessary to regular fertilization, thin fertilizer and ground facilities. After germination, apply 1 time at intervals of 10 days, continuously chase 5 to 6 times, preferably with light human excreta, or 50 kg of water plus 0.2-0.3 kg of urea. From September to November, 30 to 50 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each plant, and 1 to 2 kg of superphosphate are added. After physiological fruiting and 1 month before harvest, 1 to 2 kg of quick-acting compound fertilizer is applied to the water to promote Fruit hypertrophy and flower bud differentiation. In the early stages of germination, the tree vigor can be applied 0.2-0.5 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or urea per plant. Adequate organic fertilizer can be applied without rhizome dressing, supplemented with top dressing, which can save a lot of fertilizer.
(C) timely watering. Drought in winter and spring in Yunnan, in the bud before, after flowering, fruit expansion combined with top dressing one-time permeate, pouring back cover fine soil or organic matter, to prevent evaporation of water. Can also be combined with irrigation per acre dry land with 150 ~ 200 grams of water with irrigation, can play a role in drought and water conservation. (A) (Shilin County industrial management of agriculture office) Author: Li Liping
2. Variety Selection Shilin County has introduced 21 varieties from the Fruit Research Institute of Shaanxi Province and the Nagano County Fruit Testing Center of Japan since 1988. After experiments and demonstrations, Shiro and Kikawa Jiro were selected as the promotion varieties.
Third, a high standard of building a garden (a) close planting. Medium density planting was adopted and 111 plants were planted in acres (row spacing 23 meters). 42 plants (44 meters), 33 plants (45 meters), 222 plants (1.53 meters), and 333 plants (12 meters) were economical.
(II) Quality of Seedlings
1. Grafted seedlings: roots and stems thicker than 0.8 cm above the height of 80 cm, there are 4 to 5 full shoots within the plastic belt, requires more developed root system, there are more than three lateral roots.
2. Seedlings (junge relics): Crude diameter is 0.8 cm or more and height is 80 cm or more. The root system is more developed and there are 3 or more lateral roots.
(c) Methods and time of colonization. Dig a planting hole with a diameter of 1 meter and a depth of 0.8 meters, or a planting groove with a width of 1 meter and a depth of 0.8 meters, or a plant with a depth of 0.8 meters. 50 to 100 kg of organic manure per plant, 2 kg of superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. If the soil is acidic, add 2 kg of lime to each plant and mix well with the soil to make a tree 30 cm above the ground. Plate or planting belt, the seedlings into the filling, while filling the soil to raise the seedlings, filling slightly higher than the interface, so that the root system and the soil full contact, practical after the water permeable, covering the film or organic matter; To improve the survival rate of persimmon, Before planting, soak with 100PPM No. 1 rooting powder diluted solution for 30 minutes or sprayer rooting; after the end of colonization, leave 0.8m to dry. In order to avoid the drought in winter and spring and promote root recovery, reduce the time of spring and slow seedlings, change the winter and spring planting for autumn planting from October to November.
Fourth, soil and fertilizer water management (a) soil management. Planting the spring and summer of the following year, combining topdressing with two cultivators for weeding, in late May, use 10% glyphosate water solution 0.4-0.8 kg 60 times liquid, 200 g 400-600 times liquid farmer Le 747 spray, control annual weeds In late June, Alfalfa is planted with light leaves. From October to November, it is turned into orchards to improve the soil, make ground cover or feed (3000 kg of fresh grass per mu), and the assimilation flow of perennial weeds occurs from mid-July to late August. Under transportation, use 10% glyphosate 1.5-1.8 kg 40 times spray per acre. In October and November, combined with basal fertilizer, covering 5-8 cm of organic matter after shallow ploughing, spray 200-400 400-500 times per acre on moist organic matter after rain, which can maintain water, keep warm, increase soil organic matter, Avoid the white pollution caused by mulching and reduce the time spent on soil tillage.
(b) Scientific fertilization. Sweet persimmon slow seedling period than peach, pear, grow slightly slower after the first year of planting, in addition to applying base fertilizer when planting, it is necessary to regular fertilization, thin fertilizer and ground facilities. After germination, apply 1 time at intervals of 10 days, continuously chase 5 to 6 times, preferably with light human excreta, or 50 kg of water plus 0.2-0.3 kg of urea. From September to November, 30 to 50 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each plant, and 1 to 2 kg of superphosphate are added. After physiological fruiting and 1 month before harvest, 1 to 2 kg of quick-acting compound fertilizer is applied to the water to promote Fruit hypertrophy and flower bud differentiation. In the early stages of germination, the tree vigor can be applied 0.2-0.5 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or urea per plant. Adequate organic fertilizer can be applied without rhizome dressing, supplemented with top dressing, which can save a lot of fertilizer.
(C) timely watering. Drought in winter and spring in Yunnan, in the bud before, after flowering, fruit expansion combined with top dressing one-time permeate, pouring back cover fine soil or organic matter, to prevent evaporation of water. Can also be combined with irrigation per acre dry land with 150 ~ 200 grams of water with irrigation, can play a role in drought and water conservation. (A) (Shilin County industrial management of agriculture office) Author: Li Liping
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