Introduction Anthurium andraeanum Lindl. is the most important ornamental crop in the genus Anthurium of the family Araceae. It is native to tropical regions such as Central and South America. It prefers to grow under conditions of high temperature, humidity, and shade. The optimum day/night temperature for fertility is 25-28/19-20°C, which is lower than 10°C, and the relative humidity is 80-90%.
Anthurium was introduced to Hawaii in 1889 and began commercial production in 1940. Since 1950, the University of Hawaii began breeding and has grown many new varieties since 1960. Anthurium is a typical spadix and spathe of the Araceae, and the size, shape, and color of the panicle and the spathe are the main differences. The color is influenced by the market. 1980 The age was dominated by orange. In the 1990s, red was the mainstream. After 2000, it was dominated by two-color and light-colored systems.
In recent years, the flower auction market has promoted the ornamental quality of red soles and the shelf life, and has strongly promoted the use of casing in the process of storage, transportation, and auction to avoid red cut flowers in the process of transportation and sales, and to increase water loss caused by increased temperature, in order to increase The quality and market price of Anthurium cut flowers, in turn, increase the income of farmers and safeguard the interests of consumers.
Since the post-harvest processing of flowers is closely linked, in order to further improve the quality of Anthurium cut flowers and reduce the unstable factors of the quality of the market, it is necessary to strengthen the post-harvest processing of flowers and the transportation of refrigerated trucks. Therefore, each flower research unit plans to establish a set of standard post-harvest treatment procedures for the cutting of Anthurium, so that the quality of floral products will be better, so as to maintain the reputation of production and the goodwill of the industry. The following describes the post-harvest treatment process and the conditions for cutting red flowers.
After harvesting, the harvest maturity and the time of cutting the red palm flower cut from the base of the succulent inflorescence by up to 1/2 to 2/3 color change, the flaming leaf flattening, bright color, which is the appropriate maturity of harvest. Should avoid hot noon harvest, because the temperature is higher, will accelerate the red palm flower respiration rate, the early red flower cut flower aging; Therefore, the red palm cut flowers harvest time should be in the lower temperature morning or evening Appropriate, and after harvesting should be placed in a cool place to slow down the breathing rate.
The harvested Anthurium cut flowers can be picked directly from the base by hand, and then the base of the flower stem can be cut diagonally by a knife, because this part is less water-absorbent, and at the same time can reduce the chance of the mother plant being infected by bacteria, and due to the large size and evapotranspiration of the bud plant Strong, rapid loss of water, cut flowers should be directly inserted in clean water to avoid loss of water. Red-handed cut flowers can also be harvested by knife cutting. After harvesting 3 to 5 sticks, they should be sterilized in a solution with 70% alcohol concentration for 1 minute or more to reduce the transmission of pathogenic bacteria between mother plants. Current practice It is a spare knife and a disinfecting bucket. A knife is disinfected immediately after use. The knife is replaced by another knife. The used knife is soaked in the disinfectant for a sufficient period of time to reduce the bacterial infection.
Field field water-absorbing bactericidal flower field pre-measurement solution, the water quality is best to use tap water, because the chlorine content of tap water has a bactericidal effect, can reduce the cut red flowers at the incision due to bacterial infections and metabolites block the catheter, impeding the absorption of water. In order to increase the bactericidal effect, 50 ppm sodium hypochlorite can be added to the preliminary solution, and the water quality should be adjusted to be slightly acidic to reduce the growth of pathogens.
Washing and pre-cooling due to the high temperature at the time of harvest will promote consumption of cut flower nutrients, and at the same time cause flowers to lose water, so the field heat must be quickly removed after harvesting, so the red palm flower cut after harvesting outside time should not be too long, and Place it in a cool place immediately and treat it with water. On the other hand, if there is too much dust falling on the flames of the red palm flower, it will affect the appearance. It needs to be washed with clean water, and it must be filled with water when it is clean and dry. It should be dried under natural ventilation to avoid sunlight exposure, and the red palm cuts the flower buddha. The flame spade is easy to cause mechanical damage during harvesting or cleaning, causing brown-black creases during storage and transportation. Therefore, mechanical damage should be avoided during collection and cleaning.
In addition to the pre-treatment measures for field watering, they should be returned to the packing yard as soon as possible and the flower should be inserted into the preservative for at least 4 hours to increase the vase life of cutting red flowers. The pre-cooling method can be divided into vacuum pre-cooling and pre-cooling with strong wind. Today, most flower growers in Taiwan use pre-cooling with strong cold storage, pre-cooling temperature of 15 ~ 18 °C, the required time of at least 4 hours to achieve the effect of pre-cooling.
Graded packaging The current Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, the industry standard NY/T 876-2004 "Red Hand Cut Flowers," divides red palm flowers into three grades.
First-grade product requirements: pure varieties, excellent overall feeling, no defects, large and complete flaming leaf, bright and smooth color, no variegated spots, transverse stems: ≥ 12cm, bright inflorescence of inflorescences, and flower buds Straight, solid and tough, thick, uniform thickness, length: ≥ 40cm.
Second-grade product requirements: pure breed, good overall feeling, basically no defect; large, complete, bright-colored flaming leaf, no variegated spots, transverse stems: ≥10cm; bright inflorescence of inflorescence; intact Straight, solid, tough, thick, uniform thickness, length: ≥ 30cm.
The requirements for the three grades are: pure varieties, good overall feeling and slight defects; phyllophora flakes are small and relatively complete; bracts are basically free of variegated spots; bracts and transverse stems: ≥ 7cm; bright inflorescences of inflorescences are brighter; Slightly curved, weaker, uneven thickness: ≥ 30cm.
When the flowers are packaged, they must be bagged and protected. After the packaging is completed, the flowers are inserted into a sleeve containing 50 ppm sodium hypochlorite preservation solution, and the flowers are classified and packed in boxes according to the varieties, quality, flower diameter size, and pedicel length of the red palm flower cutting. Do not overlap more than one-third of the flower surface, and it is better to have the stems neatly discharged to the side. The middle of the flower stems is taped to the surface of the box to avoid pressure cracks.
After the refrigerated transport of Anthurium cut flowers is finished in grading, packaging, and packing, it should be moved into the refrigerator for cooling. The refrigerating temperature is 15~18°C. When transported to the flower wholesale market, the used flower transport vehicle shall be air-conditioned. The refrigerated truck or insulated transport vehicle shall maintain the low temperature and keep it fresh, avoiding the use of ordinary trucks to transport, so as to avoid the evapotranspiration and the increase of respiration caused by the instantaneous temperature rise of the flowers, or the poor quality of the cut flowers due to the weather or the sun and rain. loss.
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