Fumonisin FB is a mycotoxin, a water-soluble metabolite produced by Fusarium moniliforme Sheld, a structurally similar pair of different polyhydric alcohols and glycerol tricarboxylic acids. Ester compound.
Mainly polluting food and its products, and causing acute toxicity and potential carcinogenicity to some livestock, has become another research hotspot after aflatoxin.
First, the source
The fungi that produce fumonisins in nature are mainly Fusarium oxysporum, followed by Fusariumproliferatum. These two fungi are widely found in various foods and their products, so the fumonisins they produce are prone to contaminate food-based agricultural products, especially corn. Studies have found that Fusarium oxysporum is one of the most frequent strains of corn, even in dry and warm environments.
Second, the type
So far, the fumonisins have been found to have 11 kinds of FA1, FA2, FB1, FB2, FB3, FB4, FC1, FC2, FC3, FC4 and FP1, of which FB1 is its main component. FB1's food contamination is widespread worldwide, mainly contaminating corn and corn products. FB1 is a water-soluble mycotoxin that is stable to heat and is not easily destroyed by cooking. Therefore, like AFT (aflatoxin), controlling mold contamination during the growth, harvesting and storage of crops is still essential.
It has been reported that fumonisins are not only a cancer-promoting substance for humans and animals, but also a carcinogen. Animal experiments and epidemiological data have shown that fumonisin mainly damages liver and kidney function, can cause horse white matter softening and porcine pulmonary edema, and is associated with high incidence of esophageal cancer in parts of China and South Africa. Extensive attention to the scope.
Third, the pollution situation
For the pollution status of fumonisin on food, the most studied by domestic and foreign scholars is corn. In an analysis of FB1, FB2 and FB3 contamination of corn samples from four markets and processing sites in Accra, Ghana, Kpodo et al. found that all samples contained fumonisin, one of which was significantly mildewed in corn. The content of fumonisin was as high as 52.670 mg/kg, and the total fumonisin contamination level of the remaining 14 samples was 0.070-4.222 mg/kg.
The contamination rate and pollution level of fumonisin on corn is affected by countries and regions, corn varieties and seasons. From 1995 to 1996, Amra et al. tested 120 samples collected from different provinces of Egypt. The results showed that the FB1 pollution rate of white corn and yellow corn collected in winter was the highest. Fumonisin can also contaminate other foods and their products, and there are differences in pollution conditions in different regions.
In 1996, China investigated the pollution of FB1 in corn, wheat and other food crops. It was found that different areas have different degrees of pollution. The contamination rate of corn fumonisin in Linxian County, a high incidence area for esophageal cancer in China, is 48%. Therefore, it is suspected that the high incidence of esophageal cancer in this area is associated with the consumption of this toxin corn.
3.1. Causes and characteristics of fumonisin
Fumonisins are mainly secondary metabolites produced by the propagation of Fusarium oxysporum f. moniliforme and f. proliferatum under certain temperature and humidity conditions. It was not until 1988 that researchers in South Africa and the United States first isolated fumonisins b1 from moldy corn. Grain is susceptible to contamination by the above two fungi during processing, storage and transportation, especially when the temperature is suitable, which is more conducive to its growth and reproduction, thus producing a class of toxins with similar structural properties, including fumonisins b1, b2 and B3, more than 60% is fumonisin b1, which is also the most toxic. Therefore, fumonisin can cause serious damage to animal husbandry and even human health through processes such as grain processing and feed production.
The pure fumonisin is white needle crystal, which is a kind of related polar and water-soluble metabolite. It is a diester compound of polyhydric alcohol and glycerol tricarboxylic acid. It is very stable to heat and is not easily destroyed by cooking. In most foods. The processing and processing are relatively stable.
3.2. The occurrence of fumonisin
The situation of fumonisin, especially fb1, on feed contamination is widespread worldwide, and the pollution of food crops is more serious. The contaminated feed is mainly corn-based feed. The content of fumonisin in corn is affected by many environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity, drought during harvest and harvest, and high levels of fumonisin in corn, which is related to a high-humidity weather in the late dry heat. The content of fumonisin in corn is also affected by storage conditions. For example, when the harvested corn is 18% to 23% during storage, it is most suitable for the production and reproduction of fumonisin-producing Fusarium oxysporum, resulting in fumonisin in corn. The increase in content.
Detection of fumonisin in feeds The detection of fumonisin has been carried out by thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), high performance liquid chromatography (hplc), etc. Fluorescence assay and hplc method after purification by immunoaffinity column.
Fourth, prevention and control
Fumonisins primarily contaminate corn and its products, occasionally detected in sorghum, soybeans and peas. The prevention of fumonisin poisoning should mainly pay attention to the following aspects:
1 Strengthen the ventilation, moisture and mildew management of grain, and timely dry the grain and feed raw materials such as corn, wheat and rice in the field to prevent the contamination, reproduction and production of toxins such as Fusarium oxysporum.
2 No moldy corn processed food.
3 Do not eat moldy corn and corn products, reduce the possibility of ingesting fumonisin.
V. Shanghai fly test bio-foliate toxin rapid quantitative detection program - accurate quantification of -8min
Shanghai Feishen Biotechnology is based on the leading fluorescence quantitative FPOCT technology platform, which can detect the residual content of fumonisin in corn quickly and accurately in 8min. The accuracy is in accordance with the HPLC method, and it is suitable for all kinds of corn and feed processing enterprises. Third-party testing agencies and government regulatory agencies.5.1. Fumonisin fluorescence quantitative rapid detection system performance5.2. Detection operation process1. Dilution;2. Sample addition reaction (8 min);3, reading, print test report;5.3. Results interpretation and output
Reading with a portable fumonisin detector makes the test results more accurate and objective, avoiding human error.
The test result will be presented on the liquid crystal display of the fluorescence reader. At the same time, the paper test report can be obtained by pressing the print button. In addition, after the WIFI data upload function of the instrument is turned on, the relevant data information will be automatically uploaded to the “Food Safety Traceability Managementâ€. Cloud platform for easy traceability and quality management.
5.4. Shanghai Feiji Biomycotoxin Series Fluorescence Quantitative Test Strips Product Features
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