Greenhouse Machinery and Equipment (2)

Eleventh, specialization can increase efficiency

Producing only one kind of crop can have greater production efficiency, such as placing the seedlings of the crops placed in the plug trays or the Siqin grapefruit brothers?竦 萜鳌 萜鳌 獬 獬 獬 獬 獬 獬 饕 饕 饕 饕 饕 饕 饕 饕 娓袢萜魇 娓袢萜魇 娓袢萜魇 ( (5) 奈 饧 饧 饧 ǚ ǚ ǚ 氖 洹 ? ? M 保 诨 诨 诨 魃 魃 魃 魃 沧笆 沧笆 沧笆 沧笆 沧笆 沧笆 步Forbidden?/P>

Specialization also makes manpower use more efficient. An operator can only perform a specific job or only operate a specific part of a device, which is not only easy to train but can also increase work efficiency when the operator is skilled.

XII. Provide a safe and comfortable working environment

The work productivity can be increased in the case where it is convenient to obtain materials and essential items in a work area. In addition, the work area should also have appropriate lighting (40-50 mm cover), at least to meet the standard of ordinary light meter.

Fragments, unused or dangerous substances should be removed at any time in the work area. Electrical equipment should be grounded, portable equipment must have ground fault interrupter. Eye safety, earmuffs, gloves and other safety equipment should also be provided to employees.

Pots, pots, and maintenance work areas should have roofs. There should be a heating device in the work area, such as an ordinary heater or an infrared heater, to maintain the working area at a temperature of at least 60°C.

Thirteen, choose the main points of the equipment

1. Eliminating old equipment Due to the development of new technologies and new methods, some equipment is old and depreciated quite quickly. Evaluate existing mechanized equipment to see if it needs to be replaced. The new equipment can increase work output and improve product quality, reduce maintenance costs and reduce downtime due to failure.

2. Considering options for rent outside of the machine allows us to use the device for a period of time without making large investments. Sharing some equipment with neighbors, such as crushers, potters, or sterilizers, is another method. In addition, some areas have valet planting and transplanting services. This way of finding people to find people can also reduce costs and manpower during the peak season.

3. It is wise to systematically manage the effective management of large-scale operations before they are further implemented. In particular, to obtain the necessary subsidies and resources, effective management is even more necessary.

XIV. Facilities Planning

A systematic "planning" can help avoid losses. Although it takes some time to plan, this time is worthwhile and necessary. "Planning" provides an opportunity for us to arrange various facilities to effectively use space, increase production volume and make better use of manpower. Planning and should allow changes in the size of various facilities and future expansions as the available space changes.

The plan must cover the entire operation, from the time the material comes in until the time the material is exported. The plan should include various tasks and methods to make the work easier or better. Paperwork is the simplest, because we can correct mistakes or make other choices at any time. Please refer to Work Paper No. 2 (Appendix xi).

15. Space requirements

Pre-estimating the space required for material storage and equipment while the job is in progress will help assess the size of existing buildings and new buildings. Although it is not practical to place all the growth media under the cover, it can be quite convenient if it can be partially implemented to shelter from the storm. It is necessary to place bulk materials and finished products to be delivered to trucks in good storage locations in and out of the road. In addition, the truck can also be given enough space for turning and reversing. This storage location should also be as close to the work area as possible to reduce the time and cost of transportation.

There should be a good drainage system in the storage area. Materials that are not covered by the storage should also be placed where they can be quickly drained. For ease of transport, unloaders should be provided, and they should be able to work on concrete or asphalt roads, otherwise they should be able to operate on gravel grounds.

The use of a mobile implant platform not only increases the growth space by 10-25%, but also reduces the labor required for packing and maintenance. This type of planting platform can be used with narrow folding conveyors to transport crops to and from the growing area. Another design uses a moving box (Figure 3-4), 4 to 5 Å, and 8 to 8 Å. The other is a 浜瞎鍪 渌 ?. 17. 岚嵩 蚨 蚨 呋 呋 浦 凉 Pu Liang越 ぷ髑 凶 凶 凶 凶 凶 布 布 布 布 布 / / / / /?

The basic concept of a mobile implant station is to leave only one working aisle, and all other walkway parts are turned into growth spaces. The bottom of the implant table is supported by a tubular roller, which can be moved 18 to 24 times on both sides.ぷ魇保?率放衅渌?衅渌闹蔡ǹ赏 谝 谝 黄穑?乖诟米ㄅ ㄅ ㄅ ㄅ 舫鲆 ぷ髯叩 ぷ髯叩 ぷ髯叩 ぷ髯叩 C C 看 看 看 沃 沃 沃 沃 沃 谥 谥 谥 谥 谥 桓龉ぷ髯叩 桓龉ぷ髯叩 桓龉ぷ髯叩 桓龉ぷ髯叩S 捎谥 捎谥 捎谥 ǹ ??? ? ? ? ? ? 谥 谥 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..谥 殴艿 殴艿 殴艿 ? ? ? ? ? 匆 匆 匆 匆 匆 匆 匆 匆 匆 ǎ ǎ ǎ ǎ ǎ 词 词 词 词 词 词 词 词 词 词 词 词 词 词 00 00 00

Figure 3-5 clearly shows the increase in crop growth space due to the use of planting tables. Considering a potted plant producer, there is a 40-million-million-million-tonnage rate of shaking T-arms, a tomb of Tan Tsz Kai-shek, and a 820-square-metre Cannes house, and a total of 180 square feet.髯叩 ; ; ; 谎 谎; If it is changed to a mobile implantable platform, it is assumed that there is only one 2 淼淖叩 淼淖叩 collapse. 虼 虼 虼 嗔 52 52 52 平方 盏 盏 た た た た 褂 褂 褂 褂 褂 褂 褂 褂 褂 褂 褂 9 9 9 9 9 9 . The energy needed to maintain the same environmental control remains unchanged.

There are many different designs of implant tables, and the implant tables can be wood or metal materials plus solid or mesh bottom plates. Many manufacturers use aluminum extrusion to fit a reinforced metal base plate. In addition, die-cast polyethylene boxes are also suitable. The support part can use cut-off columns or blocks of cement. The focus of maintaining a smooth working component (i.e., the smooth movement of the implant table over the support tube) is to keep the tube moving over the metal surface all the time.

Figure 3-6 shows that 5 to 6? Cham, 碇 碇 ǖ 杓 杓 杓 渌 渌 渌 渌 渌 ǖ ǖ ǖ ǖ ǖ ǖ ǖ ǖ ǖ ǖ ǖ ǖ ǖ 攘 攘. To plan a greenhouse system, first draw a section of each existing plant on a drawing paper. Pay attention to the size of each planting table. If there are walled planters, you need to pay special attention to their position, because these will usually remain in place. Figure 3-7 shows a typical stationary plant structure. There is a work aisle next to the planting table aside. Usually 18? A 叩 叩 Fan 5 Fan ? 5 淼 淼 淼 Crow Cai ǘ 4 叩 叩 叩 叩 ? ? ? 碇 碇 碇 碇 ā ā ā ā ā ā ā ā ā ā ǖ氖 ǖ氖 ǖ氖 ǖ氖 ǖ氖 ǖ氖 捌 捌 捌 捌 捌 捌 捌 捌 捌 捌 捌洹?/P>

16. Work Area

The size of the workspace is determined by the size of the business, the number of devices required, and how the internal devices are configured. In addition, it should also include enough space for future expansion.

In a small greenhouse, the main housing area is usually used as a work area because it is more convenient for this area to grow. In winter, supplemental heat should be added to this area to facilitate employees' work. In the large-scale greenhouses, there is usually another area for the main housing area. Sometimes this building or part of it can be used as a transport area. Figure 3-8 shows the configuration of a workspace.

Seventeen, logistics construction

The equipment configuration of the greenhouse should be designed so that the logistics buildings are placed in the middle of each material's access to each growth area. And there is a good access road access road. This has a great influence on the use of incoming and outgoing goods and manpower, and even on the distribution of water supply, heating and electrical system piping. Good use of location will bring great convenience.

When choosing a building for the main house, consider using a see-through cross-frame design. This will make it easier for traction machines and trucks to go in and out, and it will be easier to change the location of equipment in the future. There are several advantages to mining steel buildings in the main house: easy construction, low maintenance costs, and high depreciation value. Sometimes the use of wooden construction is based on its low cost. Generally, it is convenient to operate traction machines, trucks, and so on. The width of the main house is required to be at least 24 to find a rare earth.

Eighteenth, equipment

Many machines used in greenhouses are designed specifically for the production of foliage plants. However, equipment used in other industries, especially material handling, can also be used in greenhouses.

How to buy the right equipment is a problem, and the place of purchase is another problem. The catalogues issued by the trading magazines and the catalogues provided by the greenhouse machinery manufacturers are the two best sources of data. Interested parties can request from ASAE. In addition to participate in commodity exhibitions or to the greenhouse equipment manufacturers or other greenhouse crop producers can contact.

The following will briefly review some of the major equipment and several factors that need to be considered before purchasing.

1. Mixing of growth media Although some producers purchase pre-mixed growth media, most producers prefer to prepare themselves. Basically, there are two types of hybrid machines: batch processes and continuous processes.

The concrete mixer was mixed with a rotary drum agitator to provide 1 to 10 cubic yards. Pay attention to whether it has self-unloading, injector steam sterilization and speed adjustment. During operation, attention must be paid to the details in order to ensure uniform mixing and avoid excessive crushing or spherical agglomeration. The entire mixing process can be completed within two minutes.

Crushers are also often used as mixers. The components, including soil, peat, vermiculite, etc., are respectively sent to the compactor and shredded and piled up into a pile. The process is performed one or more times depending on the needs of the operation. The machine is easier to operate on a flat floor or flat ground. The disadvantage of the shredder is that it produces finer particles.

Rotary cultivators can also be used as mixers. The ingredients are piled on the ground, and the cultivator is slowly moving back and forth on it, and the plough plow is used for mixing and stirring. This approach is often difficult to achieve even mixing.

Systems using feed bins, open-end drum mixers, and belt conveyors provide a continuous growth medium for the box filling line. Usually 1 to 5 cubic yards of feed bins are available. The flow rate is controlled by the conveyor speed at the bottom and the adjustable bottom door. The mixer accepts quantitative ingredients from the feed end. The ingredients are mixed by agitation and output from the other end to the conveyor belt, at a rate of approximately 50 cubic yards per hour.

2. Feeding into the container There are a variety of cartridge and pot feed systems that deliver the ingredients to the mixer's container (Figure 3-10). Typically the entire system includes a funnel-type input port for input soil, a measuring device, a grading device, and a container conveyor. There are other soil recycling conveyors, soil scraping devices, repressors, pot holders, basins, box dividers, burrows, and basin automatic evacuation devices. Their characteristics depend on different machines.

All feeders are suitable for containers of different sizes below a certain limit. The feed rates are usually different, but generally in the range of 10 to 30 boxes per minute or 20 to 50 pots, the operation of such machines usually requires two or three people.

The price of the container feeding and filling system is about US$4,000, but there are also more than 30,000 yuan. For small greenhouse crop producers (10,000 boxes/year), it may be more difficult to decide whether or not to purchase this feed filling system because it may take less than 12 hours per year to use this machine. But for large greenhouse crop producers, using this system can save several times as much time as manual feeding. Furthermore, the growth medium filled into the box is also more uniform than the artificial feed.

3. Seeder commonly used seeder can be divided into two categories, one of which is a cheaper manual or electric vibration type. These seeds can be manually classified, planted, and placed in shallow boxes, with one or more seeds per spot. The second is a more precise seeder for the plug. This kind of seeder with a tray can bring more convenient planting operations to the crop producer. Including manual or mechanical planting.

The precision sowing machine sucks or vibrates the parts by vacuum, takes out and puts 1 to 3 seeds into a square. Most of the seeding crops consist of tiny petunias to large seeds of tomatoes or peppers, and the methods of sowing are all handled in such machines. The sowing rate varies depending on the type of seed and the number of squares, but is within about 4 to 8 shallow boxes per minute (Figure 3-11).

In terms of price, there are models of fully automated machines ranging from about $2,000 to about $15,000 for a unit that uses only one template. For small-scale producers, it may be more cost-effective for others to handle seedlings, shoots, and seedlings.

4. Conveyor Units Existing Many of the other widely used material handling devices in the industry are suitable for use in greenhouses. Households that use such transport equipment in greenhouses can benefit, irrespective of size, more or less.

The specifications of the belt conveyor can be used for loading and unloading cases, bags, pots, boxes, etc. in widths of 4 to 24 tracks to 30 turns (Figure 3-12). When used in potting or planting jobs online, flat belt conveyors are the most suitable. Belts are grooved and can be used to transport bulk materials.

Rollers and pulley conveyors need only 4 to 10% of the slope, that is, reliable gravity transport as far as 5 to 10?蛑糜谄交?暮习迳稀迳/P>

Manually suspended monorail conveyors are common in the implantation crop greenhouse. The scaffolds used to support the rails are usually designed to withstand the weight of 20 to 50 shallow boxes. When installing such systems, special attention must be paid to whether the skeleton of the greenhouse is strong enough to withstand such additional loads.

Carts and four-wheeled vehicles are common equipment for various tasks. The conveying distance is less than 200? Cover, cover, cover, cover, thin, H舫, 嗬朐蚩 嗬朐蚩, 湟砸, 耙, 耙, 靡, 虻缍, ?, 瓮, 瓮, 瓮, 瓮, 眉, 眉, 鐾瞥, 蛩, 蛩, 蛩, 蛩, 蛩, 蛩The Dylan Dam escaping the lake? 翱苫刈 慕 怕 怕 忠 忠 阕骰刈 阕骰刈? J 褂 笾 兜 兜 兜 兜 兜 兜 兜 兜 兜 兜 兜 兜 兜 兜 兜 兜 兜 兜 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨 惨First of all poverty??/P>

The higher the allowable amount of transport at the moving conveyor station, the less labor will be saved. At the same time, the time spent for loading and unloading is also relatively reduced. Manual lifters and electric lifters with large workloads can be used to transport the mobile conveyor (Figure 3-14). Depending on the location of the job (indoor or outdoor), there are several different types of trucks to choose from.

5. The person responsible for sending and receiving orders is usually the one who is more familiar with the geographical environment of the area. When the order is received, the demand is calculated based on the region and combined with each order to facilitate the transportation operation. This is the order job. A further consideration when accepting an order is to require the customer to place an order in a standard unit. For example: Take a cart, a layer in a truck, or a full cabinet as a standard unit. This not only makes the aforementioned order work easier, but also reduces the number of errors that occur during loading and unloading.

Order jobs can be implemented in two ways:

1) Select the required number of boxes for each greenhouse, meet the quantity on the order, and then deliver them to the load area.

2) Consolidate the daily demand of various crops, pass them to the transport area, and deliver them to appropriate trucks or containers.

If there are many different varieties of crops in the greenhouse, it is better to have a large sign to indicate the variety and put them in the greenhouse to reduce the time spent on selecting the crops that meet the orders, and to make the mistakes in the operation possible. To the minimum.

Most greenhouse crop producers manually move light boxes into trucks, usually with one person on the ground and another on the truck. Shallow pots placed in cabinets or scaffolds are loaded or unloaded by hydraulic lifters that push the car or tail.

6. The truck body and the minivan are usually within 8-12 inches of each other in the body of the car. The dike shoots huai wa 湃 湃 湃 湃? 00 shallow boxes. Larger trucks can hold more than 1,000.

Carts with wheel or castors have become popular tools for carrying light boxes. (Figure 3-15, 3-16). This type of cart can generally hold 50 to 100 shallow basins. In the greenhouse, the light boxes are sent to the cart and sent to the load area, and the hydraulic lifter pushing the machine or the rear of the truck is sent to the truck.

Most large-scale greenhouse crop companies use containers for transportation. These containers are made of sheet metal or plywood and are usually constructed in sizes of 5, 3, 3, 3, 3, 5, 7 or 8, with 9 to 11 layers of each layer. Tips for the 咭 咭 仓 仓 仓 骰豕癖 骰豕癖 骰豕癖 骰豕癖 骰豕癖 骰豕癖 骰豕癖 骰豕癖 骰豕癖 骰豕癖 14 14 14 14 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (14)笈 绦胗 绦胗 绦胗 绦胗 绦胗 绦胗 绦胗 愎 愎 愎 愎 愎 愎 愎 阍谝 阍谝 龊螅 龊螅 龊螅 龊螅 龊螅 龊螅 龊螅 龊螅 龊螅 杂 杂 硪 硪 硪 硪 硪 硪 硪 硪 硪 硪 硪 硪 硪 硪 硪 硪 硪 硪 硪 硪 硪 却 却 却 却 挠 挠 挠 4 To reduce the risk, you need to change the speed of the game.

19. Economic benefits

From the foregoing conclusions, we can see that there are many methods and systems to choose from to complete a job. As for the choice of equipment, which method is used, it depends on cost analysis. There is a practice in Worksheet 2A (Appendix XI) that considers the monetary value of the required inputs under different options. Most of these projects have accurate price points, and only work hours and useful lives need to be assumed.

廿, load area

A well-designed load zone increases reception and delivery efficiency. The basic requirement is to have good access to the greenhouse and highway. And there is enough space to store the material and allow the elevator to switch.

To plan the access route to the main road, we must first reduce the slope of the road leading to the load zone. Low slopes represent low errors or accident rates. The one-way road surface must be at least 12 feet deep and at least 12 feet in length. The visit should be made to 40,000 pounds of the Liao River, and it is usually possible to cover the compacted foundation with 8 feet. 6 竦 竦 竦 赜 赜 炷 痢 H 艨ǔ 蟾 蟾 艨ǔ 铣 铣 蛴 蛴 炷 炷 炷 炷 炷 林 林 林 林 林 林 靥 С С 芈 芈 芈 芈 芈 4 猓 猓 灿 灿 灿 灿 灿 灿 灿 灿艿 艿 艿 艿 艿 艿 艿 艿 艿 痔旌蜃 痔旌蜃 / /?

How much parking space is required in the load area depends on the peak demand during the year. The design should be such that the area can be easily expanded and the entrance and exit of the stacker from platform to highway should be provided.

Since 1983, the industry has allowed the use of 8 伎淼 伎淼 伎淼 milling island 螅 愣嘁 愣嘁 愣嘁 扛龀 扛龀 ? ? ? 12 湛 寨 寨 ? ? ? ? 选 糯沧魑锶萜魇褂 糯沧魑锶萜魇褂 糯沧魑锶萜魇褂 糯沧魑锶萜魇褂 糯沧魑锶萜魇褂 糯沧魑锶萜魇褂 糯沧魑锶萜魇褂 降 降 降 降 降8 8 ǔ 12 P 12 to 15 淼 淼 淼 湟 湟 湟 ? ? 迅 迅 牟 牟 牟 鳌 詈 詈 詈 詈 詈 ? ? 叨鹊 叨鹊 叨鹊 叨鹊 叨鹊 钠 钠 钠 钠 钠 钠 3 3 3 Load platform configuration.

The load area is generally higher than the ground 48. The slap light is still on the gray arc 1 - 1 to list the height of the flat bottom of the truck and the height of the entire body. If the type of truck used is more emphasis on that type, the platform should also be designed according to this height. The platform pad adjusts the height of the rear wheel of the truck or trailer to increase safety and operating speed. Figure 3-18 shows the sectional structure of the load zone.

When various types of vehicles enter the load zone, the size of the open space where asphalt or cement must be placed before the zone is determined by the length of the trailer, the radius of gyration and the width of the parking spaces. Table 3-2 shows the typical space required for various sizes of cards and trailers. Since the cards and trailers are reversing into the parking spaces in the transport buildings, the dimensions of the doors of the buildings must be large enough to facilitate the turning. Furthermore, there should be proper equipment to handle the exhaust gas emitted by the engine.

In the case of an open load zone, it takes 8 to 9 hours, 0 to 10 minutes, and 2 hours to 8 minutes. What's wrong with you?

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