Jinshu 18 is a collaboration between the Institute of Botany, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the International Potato Center. Xushu 18 is used as the female parent and the foreign variety PC99-2 is used as the parent. The seeds were obtained through sexual crosses and were selected in layers. The new high-yield, high-quality, and disease-resistant purple sweet potato varieties were bred.
I. Variety Characteristics The variety has five outstanding advantages compared to the Japanese variety Yamakawa violet.
1. There are many short branches and strong growth in the shoots: Jinshu No. 18 leaves are green, stems are purple, branches are 5-6, and the length is only about 1.2-1.5m, which is convenient for field production management.
2. High output of fresh potato: The potato of Jishu 18 is neatly concentrated, and the output of spring potato is generally about 2500kg per 667 square meters, which is more than 1 times higher than that of mountains and purples. If properly managed, the output of summer potato can reach 2000kg per 667 square meters. .
3. Outstanding quality: Jinshu 18 has a purple-black skin color, a purple flesh, a potato-shaped long-spindle, a smooth and bright potato peel, a good commercial product, a commodity rate of more than 90%, and a drying rate of about 33%. Delicate meat is an excellent sweetpotato variety for health food use. It can also be used to produce natural anthocyanins.
4. Precocious, can be planted in double seasons: Ji potato 18 potato fast expanding big morning, if the early spring cover film cultivation, from the end of July to mid-August can be listed.
5. Strong adaptability and good disease resistance: Jishu 18 is highly resistant to root rot of sweet potato, resistant to stem nematode disease, tolerant to drought and drought, and suitable for cultivation in various climate and soil conditions.
Second, the main cultivation techniques
1. Seedling raising: The method of raising seedlings should adopt greenhouses + small sheds + mulching 3 layers of heat preservation seedlings. After the emergence of seedlings, the seedlings should be covered with mulching film to reach the early supply market and improve economic efficiency. The conventional cultivation can use small sheds + 2 layers of plastic mulching to increase seedlings. The number of seedlings was about 10m wide, and the depth of seedlings was 15-20cm. After the bed was laid with a layer of organic fertilizer, the soil was covered with water. The selection of seed potatoes requires the characteristics of this variety, no pests and diseases, 100 ~ 250g potato chips. The seed density is about 3cm apart from the tuber, and the tubers are lined after the row, and the thickness is about 2 to 3cm. Can not exceed 5cm, so as not to affect the emergence of seedlings, when 60% of the tubers sprouted, remove the film. When the temperature is above 20°C on sunny days, it is required to open the dome film and greenhouse film, and the two ends shall be opened for ventilation to prevent high-temperature burning of seedlings. The seedbed temperature shall be maintained at 25 to 30°C. The humidity control method shall be based on the dry see moisture on the bed, and the seedbed shall be controlled. Temperature and humidity. To cultivate strong seedlings. Potato shoots are about 20cm long, with 6 to 8 intact leaves, and can be planted by cutting seedlings.
2. Soil preparation and fertilization: Site preparation should be carried out on a sunny day. The soil must be broken and finely ground to loosen the soil. After the formation of the land, the base fertilizer shall be applied at the bottom of the ridge, with a ridge distance of 80 cm and a ridge height of about 20 cm. The base fertilizer may use special organic compound fertilizer. The special compound fertilizer is applied to 667 square meters for 100 kg or 50 kg of diced cake, 5 kg of urea and 15 kg of potassium sulfate. With mulching, the amount of chemical fertilizer can be reduced by 20% to 30%. When the planting area is large, it is required to determine the content of soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter and soil pH. According to the soil fertility level and the requirement of sweet potato, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and organic fertilizer are reasonably formulated.
3. Transplanting: When the average temperature reaches 10°C or above, the seedlings can be planted in the field. Since the temperature is low in the early stage, it can be covered with mulching. The planting method requires that there are 4 nodes horizontally planted or obliquely planted into the soil. When the drought occurs, the two leaves are exposed on the ground, and the rest of the leaves are buried in the soil so as to facilitate the survival of the potato seedlings and uniform dispersion of the potato, and increase the commodity rate and yield. For cultivation with a single row of small ridges, the ridge distance is 70-80cm, and the cultivation is performed in double rows of large ridges, the ridge distance is 120-140cm, and 2 small ridges are used on large ridges, the plant spacing is 18-20cm, and the planting density is 4000 plants/ 667 square meters.
Third, field management
1. Seedling management: In case of drought during transplanting, it should be watered in time to facilitate survival. After 20 days of transplanting, weeds should be removed immediately. In the middle period of sweet potato growth, weeding should be done 1 or 2 times, and the soil in the ditch should be cultured in the middle of the valley. During the middle growth period, weeding can be carried out 1 or 2 times in combination with weeding.
2. Moisture management: The seedling stage should be properly controlled to prevent water growth and promote root growth. In the tuber enlargement period, we must keep the ground moist and keep the soil moisture at about 70% to 80% to prevent it from drying out and damp, prevent tuber cracking, and increase tuber commodity rate.
3. Topdressing: Generally, fertilizer is topdressed for 1 or 2 times according to soil fertility. The field with good fertility is within 40 days after planting and survival. According to the situation of the seedlings, the top-dressing potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 5-10kg per 667m2, and no additional fertilizer can be grown after 60d. . Poor fertility: The amount of topdressing can be appropriately increased.
4. Disease and Insect Pest Control (1) Underground Pest Control: Sweet potato diseases mainly include black spot and soft rot, and underground pests mainly include mites. Pest control is mainly based on ecological control. Loose new red, yellow or sandy water rotations can effectively avoid diseases and underground pests.
(2)Plant pest control: There are mainly Xanthomonas oryzae, sweet potato weevils, and the harm time is from July to September. In the period of pests from 1 to 2 years, the leaves are sprayed with 5% CPT or 5% stuck. 1000-1500 times liquid prevention, can effectively reduce the hazard.
(3) Removal of weeds: After planting, acetochlor was used for soil treatment. In the middle period of sweet potato growth, artificial weeding was performed 1 or 2 times. During the middle growth period, weeds were combined for 1 or 2 times, and 1 month before harvesting. . Top dressing fertilizer in the 45d after planting according to the situation of the seedlings per 667 square meters topdressing potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 5 ~ 10kg, 60d after growth can not be topdressing.
IV. Harvesting Harvest sweet potatoes on sunny, rainy days to prevent more soil on the potato blocks and affect the appearance of the commodity. The earliest harvest period was in late July, and the latest harvest period was before the defrost. It can be determined according to local climate characteristics and market demand. The harvesting process should be lightly excavated, lightly loaded, and gently unloaded to prevent bruising of potato peels and tubers.
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