Release date: 2018-07-12
The lifespan of modern humans has been greatly extended compared to our ancestors, but this does not mean that people have stopped their efforts to escape aging.
If you want to defeat aging, you must first understand aging. What is the nature of aging? Scientists say it is the aging of cells. How terrible is aging cells? Not worse than cancer cells!
This week, Nature Medicine published the latest results of the team of professors of the Mayo Clinic Aging Center, James Kirkland, as a Chinese scientist, Ming Xu. The researchers found that transplanting a small number of senescent cells to a young mouse can lead to a total barrier to physical functioning. The Anti-Aging drug Senolytics developed by the researchers can directly remove senescent cells. The life of mice taking this "longevity medicine" is extended by 36% and the mortality rate is reduced to 65%!
　 On the way to defeating aging, we have taken another step forward!
From a certain point of view, aging cells and cancer cells are like a pair of brothers who share the same goal - cancer cells tend to proliferate indefinitely, aging cells stop dividing and remain "not dead," and finally evade immunity by similar means. The systematic tracing has become a burden on the body.
Although senescent cells no longer self-replicate, they are still metabolically active. One of their major features is the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which secretes inflammatory cytokines, growth factors and proteases. This phenotype is associated with many age-related chronic diseases.
Researchers at the Mayo Clinic believe that some of the physical dysfunctions caused by aging, such as weak body, reduced endurance, and slow pace, should also be associated with aging cells. If this hypothesis is true, then using a series of previously discovered drugs may be able to effectively "treat" aging.
The researchers took some fat progenitor cells from 6-month-old mice and used radiation to senescent these cells before injecting them into another isogenic young mouse. The fat progenitor cells are taken because the phenotypes of these cells are similar to those of natural aging cells, and they are not easy to produce immune rejection. At the same time, fat progenitor cells are also the most extensive ancestral source of aging cells in humans.
After a month of transplantation, the researchers performed physical fitness tests on these mice. Ok? The transplanted mice went slow, the claws were weak, and the upper floors were panting!
Maximum walking speed decreased red: transplanted senescent cells 1×106, yellow: transplanted senescent cells 0.5×106, powder: transplanted senescent cells 0.2×106, black: transplanted normal cells 1×106, blue: injected PBS control group
Endurance decline, the picture is the same as above
The grip strength is reduced, the figure is the same as above
It can be seen from the data that when the number of senescent cells transplanted into mice reaches one million, these physical indicators will show significant differences. One million sounds a lot, but it's really a lot compared to the number of cells in the whole body!
The researchers made a statistic. In fact, aging cells account for only 0.01%-0.03% of the whole body cells. Even if only the injection area is seen, the proportion of senescent cells is only 0.28%. In other words, if only one of the 7,000 to 15,000 cells is aging, it will be able to make young and strong mice "premature"!
Researchers have also tried to transplant aging cells to older mice, and the results are even worse. After the 17-month-old mouse transplanted the senescent cells, the next year's life in the later years was even worse, the survival rate was greatly reduced, and the risk of death increased by 5.2 times!
Mice injected with senescent cells are unfortunate in their later years
Since aging cells can cause physical dysfunction and shorten lifespan, can selective removal of aging cells possibly save the body?
This is the turn of Senolytic. These drugs are the product of the Mayo Clinic cell aging program, which has demonstrated therapeutic potential for a variety of aging-related diseases. This study used the earliest discovered combination of Senolytic [3], dasatinib and quercetin (D+Q). Dasatinib is a chemotherapy drug used to treat leukemia, and quercetin is a plant-derived flavonoid.
Researchers tested the potential of D+Q in human adipose tissue. These fats come from obese patients, because obesity is also associated with the accumulation of aging cells [4].
The drug-treated fat tissue is really "young"! The test results showed that the aging marker β-galactosidase level of the cells was greatly reduced, indicating that the number of senescent cells was reduced. On the other hand, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 has also been greatly reduced, whereas the key transcription factors that regulate lipogenesis and insulin sensitivity have increased.
This suggests that D+Q can kill naturally occurring human aging cells and reduce the aging-associated cytokines.
Aging markers
Reduced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines
Then take a try on the mice and see if you can save their broken small body!
The researchers first gave oral D+Q to mice transplanted with senescent cells, which obviously made the mice stronger, and the pace, endurance, and grip strength recovered to some extent, almost the same as normal mice. Even the rice is eaten a little more.
After using D+Q, all physical indicators have rebounded.
Will the mouse live longer in the old age? Will do!
When mice live to 24-27 months, they are already 75-90 years old. The researchers gave them biweekly oral D+Q, which allowed them to live longer and live longer, with an average life expectancy of 36%, compared with 64.9% for the same age group.
Note that it is "healthy" to live longer. These prolonged times, the risk of various "geriatric diseases" in mice did not increase, and the body function was better than the control group.
Old mice taking D+Q live longer and live longer
During the experiment, the researchers found that the implanted senescent cells actually only survived for about 40 days, but the aging symptoms lasted for more than 6 months. These aging cells are like infectious diseases, and the pro-inflammatory factors they release will carry more healthy cells to aging. These cytokines are themselves associated with many well-known geriatric diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and muscle weakness.
More and more research results now support us to treat aging as a whole, not by a disease. As the basis of aging, aging cells are the bottom-line reason for many age-related diseases. Solving its problems, perhaps we can defeat the enemy of aging.
Of course, the results of this study are not enough to allow us to take Senolytics to resist time. Fortunately, some clinical trials are already underway. Researchers will try first among people with severe aging cell-related diseases. If these drugs are safe and effective, then you may be able to try to prevent healthy people from using this method to prevent geriatric diseases. .
If you really have an elixir that is immortal, would you like to try it?
Source: Singularity Network (micro signal geekheal_com)
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