How to cultivate a strong seedling? Toona sinensis seedlings can generally be propagated from seeds, or they can be propagated with roots or cuttings. Many open field seedlings are not easy to reach the standard. Most greenhouse cultivation should use two-year seedlings or plant seedlings in advance in the facility. Let's take a look at the cultivation of the dwarf seedlings and the high-density holiday planting.
First, how to cultivate camphor and dwarf seedlings?
Sowing
Select new seeds within half a year of storage, dry for a few days, go to the wing, soak the seeds in warm soup, soak them in water for 12 hours, and germination at 20 °C to 25 °C. About 30% of the seeds can be sown after cracking the mouth. In the early spring, a flat raft of 1.2 to 1.5 meters wide is made in the greenhouse, and the bottom water is penetrated in the sputum. After the water is infiltrated, the seeds are mixed with fine sand 1:1, and the soil is 1 cm thick, and the mulch is covered with a film. The seeding rate per acre is 2 to 3 kg.
2. Seedling management
After sowing, the temperature of the seedbed is kept at 20 ° C to 25 ° C, and about 15 days. After the seedlings, the daily temperature dropped to 20 ° C, and the night temperature was 15 ° C to keep the soil moist. When the height of the seedling is about 10 cm, the seedlings are generally 25 cm and 30 cm apart. The sunshade cools during the slow seedling period. After the slow seedling, it enters the fast-growing period from June to July, and should be promoted by large fat water. At the same time, because the camphor seedlings are extremely intolerant, it is necessary to pay attention to the elimination of stagnant water when entering the rainy season. Stop fertilization after August to prevent the child from growing.
3. Dwarf treatment
The camphor seedlings must be dwarfed and shaped, so that the growth of the seedlings is inhibited, the growth of the seedlings is enhanced, and the seedlings form more side branches and full top buds for dense planting. Generally, from June to July, when the height of the annual seedlings is 30 to 40 cm, 15 to 25 cm of topping or short shear is retained, and 2 to 3 side branches are germinated in the lower part of the trunk as the primary side branches. When the side branches are longer than 30 cm, they are topped again, and they are kept 5 to 10 cm long, which promotes the germination of the secondary side branches. Or spray 15% paclobutrazol 200 to 400 times every 10 to 15 days in the middle and late July, and even spray 2 to 3 times, it can also play a dwarf effect.
Second, how to carry out high-density holiday planting in the greenhouse?
In recent years, the cultivation of alfalfa in the solar greenhouse has been successful, as follows.
1. Cultivate dwarf seedlings
2. Low temperature treatment.
Generally, before the arrival of the local primordial, the seedlings fall off and the nutrients are mostly returned to the tree body to catch the seedlings. After the seedlings are poured through the water, the seedlings are planted, and then the ditch is dug in the shade, the roots are covered with soil, and the firewood is covered. After 30 days at a low temperature of 1 ° C to 5 ° C, the camphor was dormant at natural temperature and then transferred to the greenhouse.
3. Site preparation
Apply 2,000 to 3,000 kilograms of soil per mu, and 25 kilograms of NPK compound fertilizer. After fertilization, turn 25 centimeters deep and finely level the ground to make a flat raft with a width of 1.5 to 2 meters. The sheds were sown 5 to 7 days before planting and the seedlings were graded. The seedlings were planted in the northern part of the greenhouse, and the seedlings were planted in the southern part of the greenhouse. In the raft, open a groove 25 cm deep at a line spacing of 20 cm, and the groove is perpendicular to the slanting direction. Seedlings were planted at a distance of 5 cm, and a seedling of a seedling was placed in the ditch, and the roots could overlap, but they should be stretched. Planting 100 to 150 strains of 1 to 2 year old single seedlings per mu, 80 to 100 seedlings per year, and planting 5 to 60,000 plants per acre.
4. Management after colonization
(1) Temperature and light adjustment. 10 to 15 days after the film is suspended, the daily temperature is maintained at 20 ° C to 25 ° C, the night temperature is 12 ° C to 14 ° C, the maximum during the day is not more than 28 ° C, and the night is not more than 18 ° C. After the top buds sprouted, the daily temperature dropped to 15 ° C to 25 ° C, and the night temperature was 10 ° C. The daily temperature during the germination period is preferably controlled at 18 ° C to 25 ° C, and the cultivar is maintained at 2000 to 3000 lux in the growth period, and its quality is best. After the spring, the light is enhanced and should be properly shaded. (2) Fertilizer and water management. Pour enough water when planting. In the germination stage, water is sprayed to the branches to replenish water. After the germination of the top bud, the root top dressing was carried out every 10 to 15 days, and alternately sprayed with 0.2% urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate. After each harvest, it should be topdressed and watered. After each spring of the spring, 15 kg of urea and appropriate amount of grass ash can be applied.
5. Harvesting
Under normal management conditions, it takes about 40 days from planting to germination, and 7 to 12 days from germination to harvesting. However, the sprouts of camphor seedlings can reach 20 to 30 days in the morning and evening. Therefore, in order to achieve peak production during the Spring Festival, it is necessary to ensure a 60-70 day growth period after the film is released. When the camphor bud grows to 15 cm or more, it should be harvested in time. Shooting should be carried out in the morning and evening or under shading conditions to prevent the buds from wilting. The top bud can be smashed under the entire bud to stimulate the germination of the side buds.
6. Timely peace
In the following spring, when the outside temperature is stable above 10 °C, the seedlings will be transplanted to the open field after being flattened. The annual seedlings are kept 10 cm, and the second-year seedlings are kept 15 to 20 cm for short cuts. After the flat shovel, the main ventilation is 3 to 4 days. The transplant density was 30 to 40 cm in row spacing and 20 to 25 cm in plant spacing. After planting, the bottom water should be poured, and the cultivating should be carried out in time. After the new shoots are issued on the seedlings, a thick branch of the top is selected as the new stem, and the seedlings of the next year are cultivated, and the other side branches are completely erased.
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